Nonlinear Transient Stability Analysis of Phased-Locked Loop-Based Grid-Following Voltage-Source Converters Using Lyapunov’s Direct Method

Mansour, Milad Zarif; Me, Si Phu; Hadavi, Sajjad; Badrazadeh, Babak; Karimi, Alireza; Bahrani, Behrooz

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2021.3057639

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, a backup PLL is required to keep the inverter synchronizing with the grid [116]. However, PLLs do not perform effectively in weak grids and voltage sag conditions [120], [121]. Besides, operating as a current source during a fault results in a shift of the fault power-angle curve.…”

Section: ) Current Limitation A: Current-controlled Limitermentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters (GFMIs). Electric power systems are increasingly being augmented with inverter-based resources (IBRs). While having a growing share of IBRs, conventional synchronous generator-based voltage and frequency control mechanisms are still prevalent in the power industry. Therefore, IBRs are experiencing a growing demand for mimicking the behavior of synchronous generators, which is not possible with conventional grid following inverters (GFLIs). As a solution, the concept of GFMIs is currently emerging, which is drawing increased attention from academia and the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of GFMIs covering recent advancements in control technologies, fault ride-through capabilities, stability enhancement measures, and practical implementations. Moreover, the challenges in adding GFMIs into existing power systems, including a seamless transition from grid-connected mode to the standalone mode and vice versa, are also discussed in detail. Recently commissioned projects in Australia, the UK, and the US are taken as examples to highlight the trend in the power industry in adding GFMIs to address issues related to weak grid scenarios. Research directions in terms of voltage control, frequency control, system strength improvement, and regulatory framework are also discussed. This paper serves as a resource for researchers and power system engineers exploring solutions to the emerging problems with high penetration of IBRs, focusing on GFMIs.INDEX TERMS Current control, fault ride-through, grid forming inverters, power synchronization control, small-signal and transient stability, virtual inertia.

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Section: ) Current Limitation A: Current-controlled Limitermentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Fundamental stability properties of the conventional synchronous reference frame (SRF)-PLL under this assumption have been already studied in [4] and [5]. Yet, many questions arise about the ability of the VSCs to synchronize under especially degraded conditions resulting, for example, from the connection of the VSC to grids characterized by low short-circuit-ratio (SCR) [6], [7], or low inertia [8], [9]. However, in all these works only the traditional SRF-PLL mechanism is analysed and no constructive procedure are provided for the design of these schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivity-based design and analysis of phase-locked loops

Zonetti¹,

Gomis‐Bellmunt²,

Prieto‐Araujo³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We consider a grid-connected voltage source converter (VSC) and address the problem of estimating the grid angle and frequency-information that is essential for an appropriate operation of the converter. We design phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithms with guaranteed stability properties, under the assumption that the grid is characterized by relatively high short-circuit-ratio (SCR) and inertia. In particular we derive, using passivity arguments, generalization of the conventional synchronous reference frame (SRF) and arctangent (ATAN) PLL, which are the standard solutions in power applications. The analysis is further extended to the case of connection of the VSC to a low-inertia grid, ensuring robustness of the algorithms in case of frequency variations. The results are validated on a benchmark including the grid, the VSC and related controllers.

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“…However, the stability analysis is carried out based on small-signal approximation of the system's dynamics, therefore providing limited information about the ability of the VSC to maintain synchronization in presence of large perturbations. On the other hand, large-signal stability analysis of PLL-based VSCs has been recently addressed in several papers, see for example [9], [26]. Unfortunately, the analysis builds upon the disputable argument of substantial similarities between PLL and conventional synchronous generator dynamics, often leading to conservative stability certificates whose applicability is highly questionable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Almost Globally Stable Adaptive Phase-Locked Loop for Synchronization of a Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter

Zonetti¹,

Bobtsov²,

Nikolaev³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In this paper we are interested in the problem of adaptive synchronization of a voltage source converter with a possibly weak grid with unknown angle and frequency, but knowledge of its parameters. To guarantee a suitable synchronization with the angle of the three-phase grid voltage we design an adaptive observer for such a signal requiring measurements only at the point of common coupling. Then we propose two alternative certainty-equivalent, adaptive phase-locked loops that ensure the angle estimation error goes to zero for almost all initial conditions. Although well-known, for the sake of completeness, we also present a PI controller with feedforward action that ensures the converter currents converge to an arbitrary desired value. Relevance of the theoretical results and their robustness to variation of the grid parameters are thoroughly discussed and validated in the challenging scenario of a converter connected to a grid with low short-circuit-ratio.

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Nonlinear Transient Stability Analysis of Phased-Locked Loop-Based Grid-Following Voltage-Source Converters Using Lyapunov’s Direct Method

Cited by 74 publications

References 36 publications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Passivity-based design and analysis of phase-locked loops

An Almost Globally Stable Adaptive Phase-Locked Loop for Synchronization of a Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter

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