Nonlinear temporal compression in multipass cells: theory

Hanna, Marc; Délen, Xavier; Lavenu, Loïc; Guichard, Florent; Zaouter, Yoann; Druon, Frédéric; Georges, Patrick

doi:10.1364/josab.34.001340

Cited by 96 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1(b). By identifying the nonlinearity accumulated over one pass [15] and the nonlinearity accumulated in a waveguide with a constant beam size, the equivalent waveguide is found to have the following properties: same overall length 2 Nrt L, same nonlinear index n2, same dispersion β2 if the mirror dispersion is added as an additional discrete contribution at each propagation length L, and an effective area given by…”

Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This geometry allows an additional degree of freedom in the design, since the smallest beam waist size in the gas is now unrelated to the mirror radius of curvature and cell length. In this case, using the same approach as in [15], the B-integral (averaged over the beam transverse profile) accumulated over one roundtrip is found to be given by…”

Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now compare numerical results obtained with a full 3D model of the propagation to this simplified 1D approach, to investigate its validity range. The 3D model is described in [15] and is based on an envelope equation [16] solved using the split-step method. This model includes self-steepening in addition to diffraction, dispersion to all orders, and instantaneous Kerr effect.…”

Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multipass cells: 1D numerical model and investigation of spatio-spectral couplings at high nonlinearity

et al. 2020

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Multipass cells (MPC) are used nowadays as nonlinear tools to perform spectral broadening and temporal manipulation of laser pulses while maintaining a good spatial quality and spatio-spectral homogeneity. However, intensive 3D nonlinear spatio-temporal simulations are required to fully capture the physics associated to pulse propagation inside these systems. In addition, the limitations of such scheme are still under investigation. In this study, we first establish a 1D model as a useful design tool to predict the temporal and spectral properties of the output pulse for nearly Gaussian beams, in a wide range of cavity configurations and nonlinearity levels. This model allows to drastically reduce the computation time associated to MPC design. The validity of the 1D model is first checked by comparing it to 3D simulations. The results of the 1D model are then compared with experimental data collected from a near concentric gas-filled multipass cell presenting a high level of nonlinearity, enabling the observation of wavebreaking. In a second part, we experimentally characterize the spatio-spectral profile at the output of this experimental setup, both with an imaging spectrometer and with a complete 3D characterization method known as INSIGHT. The results show that gas-filled multipass cells can be used at peak power levels close to the critical power without inducing significant spatio-spectral couplings in intensity or phase.

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Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equivalent Waveguide and 1d Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multipass cells: 1D numerical model and investigation of spatio-spectral couplings at high nonlinearity

et al. 2020

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“…Waveguides written into planar or bulk media (fused silica, or SiN, for example) [65], [66] may also support a few or many spatial modes. Many microresonators (and "macro" resonators like Herriot cells [67], [68]) support multiple spatial modes, and the opportunities afford by multimode processes have just recently begun to be explored in these systems [69]- [73]. Last, multimode "rod fibers" fabricated with very large claddings, or with very large dimensions offer an opportunity for studying highly multimode dynamics.…”

Section: ) Other Multimode Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode Nonlinear Fiber Optics: Massively Parallel Numerical Solver, Tutorial, and Outlook

Wright

Ziegler

Lushnikov

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

154

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Building on the scientific understanding and technological infrastructure of single-mode fibers, multimode fibers are being explored as a means of adding new degrees of freedom to optical technologies such as telecommunications, fiber lasers, imaging, and measurement. Here, starting from a baseline of single-mode nonlinear fiber optics, we introduce the growing topic of multimode nonlinear fiber optics. We demonstrate a new numerical solution method for the system of equations that describes nonlinear multimode propagation, the generalized multimode nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This numerical solver is freely available, implemented in MATLAB ® and includes a number of multimode fiber analysis tools. It features a significant parallel computing speed-up on modern graphical processing units, translating to orders-of-magnitude speed-up over the split-step Fourier method. We demonstrate its use with several examples in graded-and step-index multimode fibers. Finally, we discuss several key open directions and questions, whose answers could have significant scientific and technological impact.

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“…As it propagates through a large number of roundtrips, the input pulse is periodically focused. If the nonlinearity per roundtrip is kept sufficiently small, the spatial Kerr effect is redistributed over the whole beam, ensuring high spatial quality at the output, despite a possibly large accumulated temporal B-integral [16]. This technique can be considered as an extension of multi-plate setups [17][18][19] with a distribution of the nonlinearity over tens of passes in the material instead of few, inducing a better output spatial quality and allowing higher compression factors.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

High-power two-cycle ultrafast source based on hybrid nonlinear compression

Lavenu¹,

Natile²,

Guichard³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We demonstrate a hybrid dual-stage nonlinear compression scheme, which allows the temporal compression of 330 fs-pulses down to 6.8 fs-pulses, with an overall transmission of 61%. This high transmission is obtained by using a first compression stage based on a gasfilled multipass cell, and a second stage based on a large-core gas-filled capillary. The source output is fully characterized in terms of spectral, temporal, spatial, and short-and long-term stability properties. The system's compactness, stability, and high average power makes it ideally suited to drive high photon flux XUV sources through high harmonic generation. IntroductionFew-cycle laser sources are the subject of intense research efforts worldwide since they allow efficient high-harmonic generation (HHG) and the emission of isolated attosecond pulses. This results in compact and highly coherent radiation sources in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray ranges, with a rapidly increasing number of scientific and industrial applications such as ultrafast spectroscopy, nanoscale imaging, and attosecond science [1-3]. Laser sources based on titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:Sa) have, for a long time, been almost exclusively used to drive the HHG process and to pioneer attosecond physics. The pulse duration typically available from such lasers is 25 fs, so that a single stage of nonlinear compression in a gas-filled capillary result in few-cycle pulses [4]. Despite extraordinary material properties such as gain bandwidth and thermal conductivity, Ti:Sa systems suffer from the short upper state lifetime, their large quantum defect and the fact that they must be pumped with high brightness green lasers. This limits the efficiency, output average power, and prevents repetition rate scaling to drive strong field physics experiments.Laser physicists have been working on more efficient and power scalable ultrafast sources for strong field physics for over a decade. In particular, optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier systems appear as a particularly promising solution [5,6], since they can deliver extremely short pulses in various wavelength ranges and are less impacted by thermal effects because they are based on a non-resonant nonlinear process. However, in order to obtain good spatial and temporal quality, the energy transfer from the pump to the signal is around 10%, so that the pump laser energy must be scaled accordingly, with stringent requirements in terms of spatial and temporal quality.Currently, the most mature and powerful ultrafast source technology is undoubtedly ytterbium-based systems, with average power levels beyond 1 kW [7-9] and numerous industrial applications. These lasers have been used to drive the HHG process as early as 2009 [10], but the long pulse duration delivered by these sources (300 fs -2 ps) limits their relevance to this application field. Therefore, nonlinear compression setups have been used successfully to reduce the pulse duration and obtain XUV photon flux among the highest ever reported for HHG-based sources [11...

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Nonlinear temporal compression in multipass cells: theory

Cited by 96 publications

References 19 publications

Multipass cells: 1D numerical model and investigation of spatio-spectral couplings at high nonlinearity

Multipass cells: 1D numerical model and investigation of spatio-spectral couplings at high nonlinearity

Multimode Nonlinear Fiber Optics: Massively Parallel Numerical Solver, Tutorial, and Outlook

High-power two-cycle ultrafast source based on hybrid nonlinear compression

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