Nonlinear tapping dynamics of multi-walled carbon nanotube tipped atomic force microcantilevers

Lee, S. I; Howell, Stephen W.; Raman, Arvind; Reifenberger, R.; Nguyen, Cattien V.; Meyyappan, M.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/15/5/002

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this regard, some results on the theoretical analysis of CNT tip response in non-contact mode have been presented [8,9]. More recently, the authors [10] have presented the first results on the nonlinear dynamic response of CNT tipped cantilevers in the tapping mode. The authors also used Euler elastica models for the tilted CNT to construct a new tip sample interaction potential that includes the effects of CNT buckling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex dynamics of carbon nanotube probe tips

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10]. Specifically, additional experiments are performed using the same MWCNT tip as used previously by the authors in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex dynamics of carbon nanotube probe tips

et al. 2005

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“…Experiments on AD-MWNTs revealed an elastic (Young's) modulus ∼1 TPa, a tensile strength of 11-63 GPa, and a flexural (bending) strength of ∼14 GPa [29]. MWNTs are quite flexible; they buckle readily when compressed [31]. Computer simulations of small diameter (d o ∼ 5-10 nm) MWNTs show that MWNTs can elastically bend through angles up to 110 • .…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational spectra of nanowires measured using laser doppler vibrometry and STM studies of epitaxial graphene : an LDRD fellowship report.

Biedermann¹

2009

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A few of the many applications for nanowires are high-aspect ratio conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tips, force and mass sensors, and high-frequency resonators. Reliable estimates for the elastic modulus of nanowires and the quality factor of their oscillations are of interest to help enable these applications. Furthermore, a real-time, non-destructive technique to measure the vibrational spectra of nanowires will help enable sensor applications based on nanowires and the use of nanowires as AFM cantilevers (rather than as tips for AFM cantilevers).Laser Doppler vibrometry is used to measure the vibration spectra of individual cantilevered nanowires, specifically multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and silver gallium nanoneedles. Since the entire vibration spectrum is measured with high frequency resolution (100 Hz for a 10 MHz frequency scan), the resonant frequencies and quality factors of the nanowires are accurately determined. Using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the elastic modulus and spring constant can be calculated from the resonance frequencies of the oscillation spectrum and the dimensions of the nanowires, which are obtained from parallel SEM studies. Because the diameters of the nanowires 3 studied are smaller than the wavelength of the vibrometer's laser, Mie scattering is used to estimate the lower diameter limit for nanowires whose vibration can be measured in this way. The techniques developed in this thesis can be used to measure the vibrational spectra of any suspended nanowire with high frequency resolution Two different nanowires were measured-MWNTs and Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles. Measurements of the thermal vibration spectra of MWNTs under ambient conditions showed that the elastic modulus, E, of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) MWNTs is 37±26 GPa, well within the range of E previously reported for CVD-grown MWNTs. Since the Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles have a greater optical scattering efficiency than MWNTs, their vibration spectra was more extensively studied. The thermal vibration spectra of Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles was measured under both ambient and low-vacuum conditions. The operational deflection shapes of the vibrating Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles was also measured, allowing confirmation of the eigenmodes of vibration. The modulus of the crystalline nanoneedles was 84.3±1.0 GPa.Gas damping is the dominate mechanism of energy loss for nanowires oscillating under ambient conditions. The measured quality factors, Q, of oscillation are in line with theoretical predictions of air damping in the free molecular gas damping regime. In the free molecular regime, Q gas is linearly proportional to the density and diameter of the nanowire and inversely proportional to the air pressure. Since the density of the Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles is three times that of the MWNTs, the Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles have greater Q at atmospheric pressures. Our initial measurements of Q for Ag 2 Ga nanoneedles in low-vacuum (10 Torr) suggest that the intrinsic Q of these nanoneedles may be on the order of 1000....

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“…An individual CNT is aligned with and attached to the edge of this Ni-coated Si surface through joule heating. Previously we demonstrated through atomic force microscopy measurements that the CNT to Ni-Si attachment is mechanically stable [6][7][8]. A Ni layer thickness of at least 25 nm is required to guarantee Ohmic contact and electrical stability at the CNT-Si interface [5].…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%