Nonlinear slope-dependent sediment transport in cinder cone evolution

Pelletier, Jon D.; Cline, Michael L.

doi:10.1130/g23992a.1

Cited by 34 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To solve this equation, a statement of the volumetric sediment flux per unit contour length, q s [L 2 T −1 ], must be derived. A nonlinear relationship between sediment flux and topographic gradient has been proposed by a number of authors (Andrews and Bucknam, 1987;Koons, 1989;Anderson, 1994;Howard, 1997;Roering et al, 1999Roering et al, , 2001Pelletier and Cline, 2007). Support for such models has been found from both tests of the resulting topographic predictions (Roering et al, 2007;Hurst et al, 2012;Grieve et al, 2016a) as well as through independent measurements of sediment flux across hillslopes Roering, 2008).…”

Section: Estimating the Hillslope Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 82%

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In many locations, our ability to study the processes which shape the Earth are greatly enhanced through the use of high-resolution digital topographic data. However, although the availability of such datasets has markedly increased in recent years, many locations of significant geomorphic interest still do not have highresolution topographic data available. Here, we aim to constrain how well we can understand surface processes through topographic analysis performed on lower-resolution data. We generate digital elevation models from point clouds at a range of grid resolutions from 1 to 30 m, which covers the range of widely used data resolutions available globally, at three locations in the United States. Using these data, the relationship between curvature and grid resolution is explored, alongside the estimation of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient (D, in m 2 yr −1 ) for each landscape. Curvature, and consequently D, values are shown to be generally insensitive to grid resolution, particularly in landscapes with broad hilltops and valleys. Curvature distributions, however, become increasingly condensed around the mean, and theoretical considerations suggest caution should be used when extracting curvature from landscapes with sharp ridges. The sensitivity of curvature and topographic gradient to grid resolution are also explored through analysis of one-dimensional approximations of curvature and gradient, providing a theoretical basis for the results generated using two-dimensional topographic data. Two methods of extracting channels from topographic data are tested. A geometric method of channel extraction that finds channels by detecting threshold values of planform curvature is shown to perform well at resolutions up to 30 m in all three landscapes. The landscape parameters of hillslope length and relief are both successfully extracted at the same range of resolutions. These parameters can be used to detect landscape transience and our results suggest that such work need not be confined to high-resolution topographic data. A synthesis of the results presented in this work indicates that although high-resolution (e.g., 1 m) topographic data do yield exciting possibilities for geomorphic research, many key parameters can be understood in lower-resolution data, given careful consideration of how analyses are performed.

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Section: Estimating the Hillslope Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 82%

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

et al. 2016

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“…Results of radially symmetric topographic diffusion model [ Pelletier and Cline , ] with a diffusivity ( k ) of 10 −6 m 2 /yr and a threshold slope of 35°. The initial condition for the model includes a 30° crater wall, with a depth of 20% and rim height of 4% of the crater diameter.…”

Section: Discussion: Erosion Rate Changes With Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars

et al. 2014

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A morphometric and morphologic catalog of~100 small craters imaged by the Opportunity rover over the 33.5 km traverse between Eagle and Endeavour craters on Meridiani Planum shows craters in six stages of degradation that range from fresh and blocky to eroded and shallow depressions ringed by planed off rim blocks. The age of each morphologic class from <50-200 ka to~20 Ma has been determined from the size-frequency distribution of craters in the catalog, the retention age of small craters on Meridiani Planum, and the age of the latest phase of ripple migration. The rate of degradation of the craters has been determined from crater depth, rim height, and ejecta removal over the class age. These rates show a rapid decrease from~1 m/Myr for craters <1 Ma to~<0.1 m/Myr for craters 10-20 Ma, which can be explained by topographic diffusion with modeled diffusivities of~10 À6 m 2 /yr. In contrast to these relatively fast, short-term erosion rates, previously estimated average erosion rates on Mars over~100 Myr and 3 Gyr timescales from the Amazonian and Hesperian are of order <0.01 m/Myr, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude slower than typical terrestrial rates. Erosion rates during the Middle-Late Noachian averaged over~250 Myr, and~700 Myr intervals are around 1 m/Myr, comparable to slow terrestrial erosion rates calculated over similar timescales. This argues for a wet climate before~3 Ga in which liquid water was the erosional agent, followed by a dry environment dominated by slow eolian erosion.

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“…The p4 profile shows (Fig. 8) incipient slope rotation (e.g., Pelletier and Cline 2007) in the southeastern flank of C2002-S.…”

Section: Post-eruptive Morphological Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting short-term evolution of Etnean scoria cones: a LIDAR-based approach

et al. 2010

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The and 2002 flank eruptions on Mount Etna (Italy) were characterized by intense explosive activity which led to the formation of two large monogenetic scoria cones (one from each eruption) on the upper southern flank of the volcano. Continuous monitoring of Etna, especially during flank eruptions, has provided detailed information on the growth of these cones. They differ in genesis, shape, and size. A set of high resolution (1 m) digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data collected during four different surveys (2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007) has been used to map morphology and to extract the morphometric parameters of the scoria cones. By comparing LIDARderived DEMs with a pre-eruption (1998) 10 m DEM, the volume of the two scoria cones was calculated for the first time. Comparison of the LIDAR-derived DEMs revealed in unprecedented detail morphological changes during scoria cone degradation. In particular, the morphologically more exposed and structurally weaker 2002-2003 cone was eroded rapidly during the first few years after its emplacement mainly due to gravitational instability of slopes and wind erosion.

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Nonlinear slope-dependent sediment transport in cinder cone evolution

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?

Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars

Detecting short-term evolution of Etnean scoria cones: a LIDAR-based approach

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