Nonlinear size dependent modeling and performance analysis of flexoelectric energy harvesters

Rojas, Eyberth; Faroughi, Shirko; Abdelkefi, A.; Park, Y. H.

doi:10.1007/s00542-019-04348-9

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In addition this second term only involves the electromechanical coupling due to the piezoelectric effect through the coefficient d. As a result, for clamped-clamped beams, the flexoelectric effect is not directly involved in the electromechanical energy transduction. This behavior was not captured in previous models, such as the one proposed by Rojas et al [10], because the axial displacement was underestimated which leads to ignoring the coupling between the mid-plane stretching and the piezoelectric effect.…”

Section: Simplified Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One can cite the work of Wang and Wang [8] or Baroudi et al [9] where the modeling and analysis of flexoelectric nanobeams were conducted by introducing the gradient elasticity. Similarly Rojas et al [10] used the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory to take into account the intrinsic length scale into a flexoelectric nanobeam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results have been validated by Dai et al [22] for a flexoelectric cantilever nanobeam with a force excitation and geometric nonlinearity. For different boundary conditions such as clamped-clamped and clamped-hinged nanobeams, Rojas et al [10] simulated the frequency-response of an energy harvester by taking into account relatively large displacements using the von Karman nonlinear strain. They reported that size dependent model should be used to model flexoelectric nanobeam and reported large bandwidth only for the clampedhinged nanobeam since their model was not able to capture the generated axial polarization for the clamped-clamped case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy harvesting using a clamped–clamped piezoelectric–flexoelectric beam

Baroudi

Samaali

Najar

2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this article, the nonlinear vibration problem of a clamped-clamped monolithic piezoelectric flexoelectric beam is investigated when considering the device as an energy harvester. A scalable model of the beam is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli theory and takes into account geometric nonlinearity resulting from relatively large displacements and restrictive boundary conditions. The Galerkin method is used to discretize the nonlinear reduced-order model which is solved numerically using a continuation technique. The analysis of the dynamic response of the device at the micro and nano-scales demonstrate that such structure can be used to harvest energy despite its symmetry. This result was generally ignored in the literature for clamped-clamped single layered structures. The generated energy was demonstrated to be particularly attributed to the introduction of the longitudinal potential variation and the mid-plane stretching into the beam's model. It was also found that the transverse piezoelectric coefficient is mainly responsible for the harvested energy. A 3D finite element model is developed providing the validation of the assumed assumptions, including the adopted analytical potential distribution particularly for the piezoelectric case. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of the beam is analyzed by varying the geometric dimensions of the device from the micro to the nano-scale. It is found that a better power density is obtained when larger scaling factors are used. However, a better performance can be achieved for an optimal scale factor at specific narrow frequency bandwidth nearby the fundamental frequency.

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Section: Simplified Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 92%