Nonlinear optical side‐chain polymers post‐functionalized with high‐β chromophores exhibiting large electro‐optic property

Piao, Xianqing; Zhang, Xianmin; Mori, Yuichi; Koishi, Masayuki; Nakaya, Akinari; Inoue, Shin‐ichiro; Aoki, Isao; Otomo, Akira; Yokoyama, Shiyoshi

doi:10.1002/pola.24410

Cited by 71 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We used the side‐chain EO polymer synthesized according to our reported method . The polymer was modified to exhibit a higher T g by functionalizing with bulky adamantly groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro‐optic Polymer Ring Resonator Modulator on a Flat Silicon‐on‐Insulator

Qiu

Spring

Hong

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Optical polymers are a promising material of choice in the development of hybrid silicon photonics devices. Particularly, recent progress in electro‐optic (EO) active polymers has shown a strong Pockels effect. A ring resonator modulator is a vital building block for practical applications, such as signal processing, routing, and monitoring. However, the properties of the hybrid silicon and EO polymer ring modulators are still far from their theoretical limits. Here, we demonstrate a unique design of a hybrid ring resonator modulator simply located onto a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate. Extra doping and etching of the SOI wafer is not required, even so we measured an in‐device electro‐optic coefficient r33 = 129 pm/V. The ring modulator exhibited a high sensitivity of the electrically tunable resonance, which enabled a 3 dB bandwidth of up to 18 GHz. The proposed technique will enable efficient mass‐production of the micro‐footprint modulators and promote the development of integrated silicon photonics.

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“…We used the side‐chain EO polymer synthesized according to our reported method . The polymer was modified to exhibit a higher T g by functionalizing with bulky adamantly groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro‐optic Polymer Ring Resonator Modulator on a Flat Silicon‐on‐Insulator

Qiu

Spring

Hong

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…By using DBTDL as a catalyst, the crosslinking process occurred fast in the process of poling at 80°C through a simple urethane-forming reaction. This kind of polymers had good film forming character which was studied by S. Yokoyama [20].…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel promising crosslinkable tricyanopyrroline polymeric electro-optic materials

Liu

et al. 2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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A tricyanopyrroline chromophore with methacrylate reactive group was synthesized to fabricate the side chain (polymer 1) and crosslinkable (polymer 2) EO (electro optic) polymers with enhanced electrooptical tensor coefficients. These type of polymers have demonstrated the large EO coefficients with values of 29 pm/V and 25 pm/V at wavelength 1,310 nm, respectively. Compared with polymer 1, t polymer 2 had demonstrated a better stability of polar structure. The thermal stability of polar structure was improved for about 100°C. The temperatures of poling and crosslinking processes were compatible in polymer 2, which allowed obtaining the EO films with improved features. The experimental results have been interpreted with the aid of quantum-chemical calculations.

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“…As shown inFigure 6, through the Kneovenagel condensation reaction, and the reaction between hydroxyl group and isocyanic acid, different chromophore moieties could be bonded to the polymer backbone of PP17-PP18, to yield P17-P18 [86][87][88][89]. As shown inFigure 6, through the Kneovenagel condensation reaction, and the reaction between hydroxyl group and isocyanic acid, different chromophore moieties could be bonded to the polymer backbone of PP17-PP18, to yield P17-P18 [86][87][88][89].…”

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confidence: 99%

The utilization of post-synthetic modification in opto-electronic polymers: an effective complementary approach but not a competitive one to the traditional direct polymerization process

2015

Polym. Chem.

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In addition to the powerful direct polymerization of monomers, the post-synthetic modification route, involving the reaction between the polymer reactive intermediate and small molecule, is another approach for the preparation of functional polymers, which might not be yielded from their corresponding monomers through the direct polymerization. This article reviews the recent progress of the utilization of the post functional strategy, for the preparation of new opto-electronic polymers, discusses the design and functionality of these polymers, and gives some outlooks for the further exploration in this field at the end of this paper. 2 exhibited interesting, even exciting in some cases, optical or electrical properties, with huge potential applications in the fields of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, sensors, non-linear optics (NLO) and so on. 4-7 Generally, different functionalities could be realized by different functional blocks introduced to the polymer systems as side chains or in the main chains. As a result, functional groups were frequently implanted in the predesigned monomers, and then embedded into the yielded functional polymers, during the polymerization process. [8][9][10] However, this synthetic approach does not always work successfully, since the functional group may poison the catalysts to hamper the growth of the polymer chain, or the corresponding monomers are inherently instable or could not be stable under the polymerization conditions.Fortunately, an alternative strategy, the post functional strategy, makes up most of the pities of the traditional direct polymerization approach. 11-13 As a typical example in industry, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) could only be yielded through the post functional approach (Chart 1), as its corresponding monomer, vinyl alcohol, is not stable. Similar cases existed in the preparation of many opto-electronic polymers, by utilizing various reactions including the frequently used ones of the azo coupling, esterfication, knoevengel condensation, Heck and "click" reactions. 14-17 Chart 1 The synthesis of PVA by post synthetic modificationIn comparison with the direct polymerization approach, as the post functional reactions take place on the polymers, the complete conversion from one reactive group to another is not so easy.However, the post functional strategy could tolerate many functional groups containing high polarity, or reactive moieties, or special kinds of atoms, achieving the missions inaccessible from the direct polymerization approach. In recent years, more and more functional polymers were obtained from the post functional strategy, vastly enriching the family of functional polymers 3 with new offered functionalities, including some special optical and electrical properties. Herein, in this paper, we would like to review the recent progress of optical and electrical polymers, which were obtained through the post functional strategy, and mainly focus on the modification of the linear polymers with post-synthesis in the side chains, and the detail...

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Nonlinear optical side‐chain polymers post‐functionalized with high‐β chromophores exhibiting large electro‐optic property

Cited by 71 publications

References 25 publications

Electro‐optic Polymer Ring Resonator Modulator on a Flat Silicon‐on‐Insulator

Electro‐optic Polymer Ring Resonator Modulator on a Flat Silicon‐on‐Insulator

Novel promising crosslinkable tricyanopyrroline polymeric electro-optic materials

The utilization of post-synthetic modification in opto-electronic polymers: an effective complementary approach but not a competitive one to the traditional direct polymerization process

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