Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion in human calcaneus <i>in vitro</i>: Statistical validation and relationships to microarchitecture

Wear, Keith A.

doi:10.1121/1.4908310

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Over broader frequency ranges, attenuation coefficient can show deviations from linear frequency dependence in human cancellous calcaneus in vitro [45][46][47][48], as shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: B Attenuation Vs Frequencymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, attenuation coefficient from 0.2-1.7 MHz has been reported to be proportional to f 1.09 ± 0.3 in 14 human cancellous calcaneus specimens in vitro [45]. Even over a clinical range (300-700 kHz), polynomial fits of attenuation coefficients as functions of frequency showed quadratic coefficients statistically different from zero in 12 of 30 human cancellous calcaneus samples in vitro [48]. A higher degree of nonlinearity has been reported in human cancellous femur and tibia, with rate of change of attenuation coefficient (dB/cmMHz) higher below 1 MHz and lower above 1 MHz [49].…”

Section: B Attenuation Vs Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Interaction of Ultrasound With Cancellous Bone: A Review

Wear

2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Ultrasound is now a clinically-accepted modality in the management of osteoporosis. The most common commercial clinical devices assess fracture risk from measurements of attenuation and sound speed in cancellous bone. This review discusses fundamental mechanisms underlying the interaction between ultrasound and cancellous bone. Because of its two-phase structure (mineralized trabecular network embedded in soft tissue-marrow), its anisotropy, and its inhomogeneity, cancellous bone is more difficult to characterize than most soft tissues. Experimental data for the dependences of attenuation, sound speed, dispersion, and scattering on ultrasound frequency, bone mineral density, composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties are presented. The relative roles of absorption, scattering, and phase cancellation in determining attenuation measurements in vitro and in vivo are delineated. Common speed of sound metrics, which entail measurements of transit times of pulse leading edges (to avoid multipath interference), are greatly influenced by attenuation, dispersion, and system properties including center frequency and bandwidth. However, a theoretical model has been shown to be effective for correction for these confounding factors in vitro and in vivo. Theoretical and phantom models are presented to elucidate why cancellous bone exhibits negative dispersion, unlike soft tissue, which exhibits positive dispersion. Signal processing methods are presented for separating "fast" and "slow" waves (predicted by poro-elasticity theory and supported in cancellous bone) even when the two waves overlap in time and frequency domains. Models to explain dependences of scattering on frequency and mean trabecular thickness are presented and compared with measurements. Anisotropy, the effect of the fluid filler medium (marrow in vivo or water in vitro), phantoms, computational modeling of ultrasound propagation, acoustic microscopy, and nonlinear properties in cancellous bone are also discussed.

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“…Over broader frequency ranges, attenuation coefficient can show deviations from linear frequency dependence in human cancellous calcaneus in vitro [45][46][47][48], as shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: B Attenuation Vs Frequencymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: B Attenuation Vs Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Interaction of Ultrasound With Cancellous Bone: A Review

Wear

2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a portable, low-cost, and radiation-free diagnostic technique which has been developed in the last decades. It not only reflects BMD [7][8][9], but also reflects bone microstructure [10][11][12] and mechanical properties [13][14][15]. In transmission mode, speed of sound (SOS) and bone transmission time (BTT) are commonly used parameters for neonatal bone status evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Ultrasonic Backscatter Parameter for Bone Status Evaluation in Neonates

Mao

Liu

et al. 2020

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is one of the major complications of prematurity. Ultrasonic backscatter technique has the potential to be a portable and noninvasive method for early diagnosis of MBD. This study firstly applied CAS to neonates, which was defined as a linear combination of the apparent integrated backscatter coefficient (AIB) and spectral centroid shift (SCS). The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasonic backscatter technique for assessing neonatal bone health using AIB, SCS, and CAS. Ultrasonic backscatter measurements at 3.5 MHz, 5.0 MHz, and 7.5 MHz were performed on a total of 505 newborns within 48 hours after birth. The values of backscatter parameters were calculated and compared among gestational age groups. Correlations between backscatter parameters, gestational age, anthropometric indices, and biochemical markers were analyzed. The optimal predicting models for CAS were determined. The results showed term infants had lower SCS and higher AIB and CAS than preterm infants. Gestational age and anthropometric indices were negatively correlated with SCS (|r| = 0.45 – 0.57, P < 0.001), and positively correlated with AIB (|r| = 0.36 – 0.60, P < 0.001) and CAS (|r| = 0.56 – 0.69, P < 0.001). Biochemical markers yielded weak or nonsignificant correlations with backscatter parameters. CAS had relatively stronger correlations with the neonatal variables than AIB and SCS. At 3.5 MHz and 5.0 MHz, only gestational age (P < 0.001) independently contributed to the measurements of CAS, and could explain up to 40.5% – 44.3% of CAS variation. At 7.5 MHz, the combination of gestational age (P < 0.001), head circumference (P = 0.002), and serum calcium (P = 0.037) explained up to 40.3% of CAS variation. This study suggested ultrasonic backscatter technique was feasible to evaluate neonatal bone status. CAS was a promising parameter to provide more information about bone health than AIB or SCS alone.

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