Noninvasive determination of endothelium-mediated vasodilation as a screening test for coronary artery disease: Pilot study to assess the predictive value in comparison with angina pectoris, exercise electrocardiography, and myocardial perfusion imaging

Endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium antagonists

“…These analysis reported that %FMD was a sensitive and specific (71.3% and 81% respectively) screening test to predict the presence of coronary artery disease. 9 Moreover, our results showed that FMD measurements can be made with high accuracy and precision (Lin's correlation coefficient of 0.88), and very low bias (mean inter-observer difference of −0.30%). 8 These results clearly show that no invasive evaluation of endothelial vasodilator function may serve as an index integrating the overall stress imposed by CVD risk factors and reinforce the suggestion that endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of CVD that precedes clinical manifestations.…”

“…8,10 An important body of evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction is a generalised process that is not necessarily confined to vessels with overt atherosclerotic alterations. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] This proposal is strengthened by the high correlation (Ͼ0.75) reported between the coronary vasomotor response and the peripheral endothelial function of the brachial artery evaluated by FMD. 11,12 Recently, three different groups 10,13,14 have demonstrated that the diagnostic of endothelial dysfunction realised in coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with different stages of coronary artery disease is related with an increased incidence of an adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease.…”

The endothelial cell in health and disease: its function, dysfunction, measurement and therapy

“…3,16,22,58 It is widely used in clinical research trials and predicts coronary artery disease, 45 postoperative cardiac events 46 and long-term cardiovascular events. 29,39,[51][52][53] Attention to detail is essential to ensure accurate and reproducible measurements using highfrequency ultrasound; a summary of the technique is presented.…”

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“…A FMD of ≤ 4.5% from the baseline has been suggested as the cutoff value for identifying endothelial dysfunction (11) but such a level has not been established for the pregnant population.…”

“…in recent years. A number of epidemiological studies have shown a link between endothelial dysfunction with later development of cardiovascular events (9)(10)(11)(12).…”