Noninvasive Detection of Antibodies to Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2 by Use of Oral Fluid

Woo, Timothy; Rosadas, Carolina; Ijaz, Samreen; Dicks, Steve; Tosswill, Jennifer; Tedder, Richard S.; Taylor, Graham P.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01179-19

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This study showed that anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG was present in the milk of seropositive mothers. As IgG capture assay is a proportionality assay: its BR is associated with the proportion of target antibodies in the tested sample, rather than in their quantity [ 10 ]. Although this characteristic is important to increase the assay sensitivity when assaying bodily fluids, the BR is not a measure of quantity of target antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies were detected using the anti-IgG capture immune assay, as previously described [ 10 ]. Briefly, 100 uL of samples (undiluted breastmilk or plasma diluted in 1:200) were added to wells coated with anti-human IgG (5 μg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have not detected anti-HTLV-1 antibodies in milk [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Here, the presence of anti-HTLV antibodies in breastmilk from seropositive mothers was assessed using a newly developed anti-HTLV IgG capture assay that is suitable for the detection of antibodies in bodily fluids [ 10 ]. HTLV-1/2 proviral load and anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies in milk and plasma were also compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG Antibodies in the Breastmilk of Seropositive Mothers

et al. 2021

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Background: HTLV-1/2 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is an important route for the maintenance of HTLV-1/2 within populations and disproportionally contributes to the burden of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Avoidance of breastfeeding is the safest recommendation to prevent MTCT. Due to the benefits of breastfeeding, alternative methods that would allow seropositive mothers to breastfeed their babies are needed. There is limited knowledge about HTLV-1/2 infection and breastmilk. Methods: Paired blood and milk samples collected from HTLV-1/2 seropositive mothers were tested for HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) quantification and for the detection of anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG. Results: All breastmilk samples had detectable anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG. HTLV-1/2 proviral DNA was detected in all samples except for one. HTLV-1 PVL and IgG binding ratio (BR) was similar in milk and plasma. However, antibody titer was significantly higher in blood (Median (95%CI): Milk:128 (32–512); Plasma:131,584 (16,000–131,584), p < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between HTLV-1 PVL, anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG BR, and titer when comparing milk and blood. PVL did not correlate with antibody BR nor titer in blood or milk. Conclusions: Anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG are present in milk in the same proportion as blood but in lower quantity. PVL in milk correlates with blood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG Antibodies in the Breastmilk of Seropositive Mothers

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“…A saliva-based ELISA has also been developed and validated to measure IgG antibodies in response to human T-lymphotrophic viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2). Woo et al tested paired plasma and oral fluid (Oracol device, Malvern Medical Developments, Worcester, UK) of HTLV-1/2-seropositive patients with an in-house ELISA (n = 131) and a randomly selected subset of patients (n = 36) with the commercially available Murex HTLV I+II EIA (DiaSorin, Dartford, UK) (16). They found their in-house ELISA to be 100% sensitive and specific for both specimen types.…”

Section: Saliva-based Elisasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva-Based ELISAs for Effective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Monitoring in Vaccinated Individuals

et al. 2021

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In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency—the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since then, the development and implementation of vaccines against the virus amidst emerging cases of re-infection has prompted researchers to work towards understanding how immunity develops and is sustained. Serological testing has been instrumental in monitoring the development and persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection, however inconsistencies in detection have been reported by different methods. As serological testing becomes more commonplace, it is important to establish widespread and repeatable processes for monitoring vaccine efficacy. Therefore, we present enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) compatible for antibody detection in saliva as highly accurate, efficacious, and scalable tools for studying the immune response in individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Detection of antibody can be undertaken in assays of different formats, each of which brings particular attributes to the testing 9 . The recognition that other body fluids, including eluates from DBS, offer alternatives for analysis has led to the adoption of immunoglobulin (Ig) capture assays 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple, sensitive, specific self-sampling assay secures SARS-CoV-2 antibody signals in sero-prevalence and post-vaccine studies

Khan

Rosadas

Katsanovskaja

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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At-home sampling is key to large scale seroprevalence studies. Dried blood spot (DBS) self-sampling removes the need for medical personnel for specimen collection but facilitates specimen referral to an appropriately accredited laboratory for accurate sample analysis. To establish a highly sensitive and specific antibody assay that would facilitate self-sampling for prevalence and vaccine-response studies. Paired sera and DBS eluates collected from 439 sero-positive, 382 sero-negative individuals and DBS from 34 vaccine recipients were assayed by capture ELISAs for IgG and IgM antibody to SARS-CoV-2. IgG and IgM combined on DBS eluates achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.9% (95%CI 96.6 to 99.3) and a specificity of 99.2% (95% CI 98.4 to 100) compared to serum, displaying limits of detection equivalent to 23 and 10 WHO IU/ml, respectively. A strong correlation (r = 0.81) was observed between serum and DBS reactivities. Reactivity remained stable with samples deliberately rendered inadequate, (p = 0.234) and when samples were accidentally damaged or ‘invalid’. All vaccine recipients were sero-positive. This assay provides a secure method for self-sampling by DBS with a sensitivity comparable to serum. The feasibility of DBS testing in sero-prevalence studies and in monitoring post-vaccine responses was confirmed, offering a robust and reliable tool for serological monitoring at a population level.

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Noninvasive Detection of Antibodies to Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2 by Use of Oral Fluid

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG Antibodies in the Breastmilk of Seropositive Mothers

Anti-HTLV-1/2 IgG Antibodies in the Breastmilk of Seropositive Mothers

Saliva-Based ELISAs for Effective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Monitoring in Vaccinated Individuals

Simple, sensitive, specific self-sampling assay secures SARS-CoV-2 antibody signals in sero-prevalence and post-vaccine studies

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