Noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity and coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler echocardiography

Abstract

Noninvasive measurement of CFV and CFVR in the distal LAD using TTDE accurately reflects invasive measurement of CFV and CFVR by DGW method.

Doppler Estimation of Reduced Coronary Flow Reserve in Mice with Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy

“…In that study there were no significant increases in the systolic component of coronary velocity after vasodilation. Although many other investigators calculate CFR from the ratio of peak diastolic velocities in man (Santagata et al, 2005;Saraste et al, 2001) and in mice (Saraste et al, 2006), we chose to use the temporal mean of the spectral peak for this study (Hozumi et al, 1998) because of the significant amount of flow which occurred during systole. If peak diastolic rather than mean velocities were used to calculate H/B, the values would be under-estimated by 1.5% to 14.6% as shown in Table 1.…”

“…The coronary vasodilator effects of isoflurane have been known for many years (Crystal et al, 1995;Crystal, 1996;Gamperi et al, 2002), but Kober et al (2005) was the first to propose isoflurane as a noninvasive coronary vasodilator for estimating CFR in mice. The most common coronary vasodilator is adenosine (Hildick-Smith and Shapiro, 2000;Marcus, 1983) which produces a 4+ fold increase in coronary flow in humans (Hirata et al, 2001), although other investigators report smaller values (2.24) (Hozumi et al, 1998). Its use in mice has been problematic producing coronary flow increases on the order of 2.0 (Wikstrom et al, 2005) to 2.4 (Saraste et al, 2006).…”

Coronary flow reserve of the angiographically normal left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with remote coronary artery disease

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Discordant results have been reported in patients without previous myocardial infarction, 6 -8 and it is unclear what the interaction is when the normal vessel is the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Recent advances in color Doppler technology have allowed imaging of the distal LAD 9,10 by transthoracic echocardiography, thereby opening the way to the noninvasive detection of recanalization in acute anterior myocardial infarction, 11 diagnosis of LAD disease by measurement of CFR, [12][13][14][15] and monitoring of changes in CFR after stenting. 16,17 The aim of this study was to assess whether CFR in an angiographically normal LAD is preserved in patients with remote coronary artery disease (CAD), including those with myocardial infarction.…”

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“…adenosine or dipyridamole) infusion is difficult to quantify accurately using echo Doppler, the ratio between hyperemic and baseline coronary blood flow velocity provides a good measure of endothelial function. CFR evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography corresponds to invasively measured CFR using intracoronary Doppler guidewire technique (43,44).…”