Nonequilibrium processes of melt solidification during programmed temperature changes and the metastable phases formation

Kinetic phase diagrams as a consequence of sudden changing temperature or particle size

“…There are a range of yet unknown subjects deserving better explanation among others, e.g., the size distribution of newly arising particles nontrivially dependent on time or that nuclei number density in confined systems is developed differently than the standard models becoming a function of time and achieving a maximum under a decreases, which can also be a result of quenching procedures [2,76]. Impacts on the determination of processes kinetics are anticipated [67,68,77].…”

“…A quarter century ago, we coined a new field called kinetic phase diagrams [1][2][3][4][5][6] as a continuation of previous attempts [7,8] to describe phase relations of systems studied occasionally under extreme changes of experimental conditions. It became an extension of the standard theory of phase equilibria of phase boundaries encouraging a development of experimental methods used for such 'nonstandard' investigations.…”

“…On the other hand, practical aspects of mastering successfully the technology of rapid cooling are long known in material science (instigated in metallurgy and tailored for glassy metals). It deals with the so-called rapid solidification (or simply the process of quenching), where the meaning´rapid can be taken to imply a short-time interval between initiation and completion of solidification and high velocity of propagation of the advancing solidification front [2,4,19]. It occurs either directly, as a result of coupling between external heat extraction and the transport of latent and specific heat required to propagate the solidification front, or indirectly during the recalescence that follows nucleation of solidification at large undercooling.…”