Nondestructive testing techniques to evaluate the structural damage of historical city walls

Işık, Nursen; Halifeoğlu, Fatma Meral; İpek, Süleyman

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119228

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Afterward, the results were tabulated and presented in Table 1 in order to easily evaluate the damage to the load-carrying elements. In addition, Işık et al [16] used some non-destructive testing methods to investigate the structural damage on these city walls. Their results revealed that both ultrasonic pulse velocity and time were affected by seasonal changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Işık

Halifeoğlu

İpek

2020

Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi

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Fortification, conservation, and restoration of the structures and buildings that can be considered as cultural heritage are very crucial. Diyarbakır, one of the cities included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List thanks to its historic city walls and Hevsel gardens, has been a host of many of these types of structures and buildings. The current study covers the observational examination of the Urfa Gate, towers, and city walls of the historic Diyarbakır City Walls. This study aims to determine the structural damages that occurred in these parts of city walls and then, constitute a path in order to conserve and integrate these historic structures. Besides, the study also contains the remedy and suggestion proposals sections for such kinds of damages coming into existence on these types of structures. Thanks to the observational examinations, remarkable structural damages on the load-carrying systems of the gate transitions and towers were revealed. Moreover, irregularities and soil coverings on the ground floors of the towers, material lost on the city walls and towers, slumping were sighted during the examinations. As a prosal for these problems, the fortification and integration suggestions have been listed in order to holistically conserve and sustain the city walls, gate transitions, and towers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also stated that the basalt stones having the cracks require to be urgently renewed since it was observed decreasing in the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the basalt stone. The suggestions given in the next section and the discussion presented herein are also achieved from evaluating the results presented in the study of Işık et al [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Işık

Halifeoğlu

İpek

2020

Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi

Self Cite

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“…Since the (crucial for maintenance and damage repairing) inspection of historic buildings must, in many cases, be minimally invasive, making some common and valuable techniques' application not favorable, GPR has acquired great importance as a technique for revealing both historical and structural information [4,[192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204]. Particularly, some issues of structural interest are the probable presence of fractures [205][206][207], voids [208], infiltrations of humidity [209,210], or metallic bars [211] due to previous restoration works, often not sufficiently documented.…”

Section: Ground-penetrating Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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Built cultural heritage is under constant threat due to environmental pressures, anthropogenic damages, and interventions. Understanding the preservation state of monuments and historical structures, and the factors that alter their architectural and structural characteristics through time, is crucial for ensuring their protection. Therefore, inspection and monitoring techniques are essential for heritage preservation, as they enable knowledge about the altering factors that put built cultural heritage at risk, by recording their immediate effects on monuments and historic structures. Nondestructive evaluations with close-range sensing techniques play a crucial role in monitoring. However, data recorded by different sensors are frequently processed separately, which hinders integrated use, visualization, and interpretation. This article’s aim is twofold: i) to present an overview of close-range sensing techniques frequently applied to evaluate built heritage conditions, and ii) to review the progress made regarding the fusion of multi-sensor data recorded by them. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of data from metric surveying and from recording techniques that are traditionally non-metric. The article attempts to shed light on the problems of the individual and integrated use of image-based modeling, laser scanning, thermography, multispectral imaging, ground penetrating radar, and ultrasonic testing, giving heritage practitioners a point of reference for the successful implementation of multidisciplinary approaches for built cultural heritage scientific investigations.

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“…To evaluate the mechanical properties of construction materials, diverse invasive and destructive techniques have been traditionally applied. The main disadvantage of these conventional techniques is that their application requires the destruction of the sample, which is detrimental to the development and maintenance of the structures (1) and is unacceptable in some situations (e.g., for historical buildings) (2,3) With the aim of avoiding the destruction and deterioration of the tested material, since the 20th century, and especially over the last few decades, several nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques have been developed (1,3,4). These methods make it possible to calculate the material properties without permanently modifying its characteristics (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-free resonance method for the mechanical characterization of carbonate rocks used as building stones

et al. 2022

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Nondestructive testing techniques have attracted growing interest in the last few years due to their ability to assess material properties without damaging the specimens. The free-free resonance method is a nondestructive testing technique based on the analysis of the natural frequencies of a sample. This study presents and discusses the applicability of this technique, traditionally used on soils, for the mechanical characterization of rocks. With this aim, the free-free resonance method is used to obtain the dynamic elastic modulus and shear modulus of four carbonate rocks that have been widely used as construction materials in southern Spain. The results from the nondestructive evaluation of dry and saturated rocks, in combination with petrographic characterization and uniaxial compression tests, make it possible to assess the existing relationships between the mechanical properties of carbonate rocks and to evaluate the impact of porosity and moisture content on their mechanical behavior.

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Nondestructive testing techniques to evaluate the structural damage of historical city walls

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Free-free resonance method for the mechanical characterization of carbonate rocks used as building stones

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