Noncovalent Synthesis: Using Physical-Organic Chemistry To Make Aggregates

Whitesides, George M.; Simanek, Eric E.; Mathias, John P.; Seto, Christopher T.; Chin, Donovan N.; Mammen, Mathai; Gordon, Dana M.

doi:10.1021/ar00049a006

Cited by 1,035 publications

(617 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The assembly of supramolecular architectures based on non-covalent interactions has been developed in the field of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering [1][2][3]. The hydrogen bond interactions as a kind of non-covalent interactions play an important role in forming various supramolecular frameworks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn

Lü

2017

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures

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CCDC no.: 1541178The crystal structure is shown in the figure. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. Tables 1 and 2 contain details on crystal structure and measurement conditions and a list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters. Source of materialAll reagents and solvents employed are commercially available and used as received. A mixture of pyrazolecarboxylic acid (H 2 pca) (0.0224 g, 0.2 mmol), Mn(OAc) 2 ·4H 2 O (0.0245 g, 0.1 mmol), phenanthroline (phen) (0.0198 g, 0.1 mmol) and distilled water (10 mL) was sealed in a 23 mL Teflon-lined steel vessel (pH 4.4) and heated at 180°C for 72 h, then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.1°C min −1 . The resulting yellow block crystals were washed with distilled water. The yield is ca. 35% based on Mn. Experimental detailsH atoms attached to C atoms were placed in geometrically idealized positions (C-H 0.93 Å) and treated as riding on their parent atoms, with U iso (H) = 1.2Ueq(C). The water H-atoms were located in a difference Fourier map, and were defined with distance restraint of O-H = 0.82 Å and U iso (H) = 1.5Ueq(O). DiscussionThe assembly of supramolecular architectures based on non-covalent interactions has been developed in the field of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering [1][2][3]. The hydrogen bond interactions as a kind of non-covalent interactions play an important role in forming various supramolecular frameworks. The hydrogen bond interactions

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn

Lü

2017

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures

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“…It is possible that a similar reaction with urate was the cause of the Chinese formula illnesses. These patterns are also most likely related to the increased crystal formation at sufficient concentrations in the kidney [22][23][24][25][26] (see Figs. 2 and 3).…”

Section: Chemistry and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Melamine Toxicity

2010

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Melamine contamination of infant formula in China and its health effects highlight the safety of the global food supply especially as it relates to formula-fed infants. Melamine is a widely used industrial chemical not considered acutely toxic with a high LD 50 in animals. The data available on acute and chronic human exposure to melamine have been limited and extrapolated from animal data. Pet food contamination in 2004 and 2007 showed stone formation and illness in animals when melamine was co-ingested with cyanuric acid. The recent outbreak in infants showed that melamine ingested in large doses may cause stones and illness without significant ingestion of cyanuric acid or other melamine-related chemicals. This may be due to increased uric acid excretion in infants and formation of melamineuric acid stones. Diagnosis and treatment of infants exposed to melamine requires further study. Clinical signs and symptoms in infants are nonspecific. The stones may be radiolucent and are not consistently seen on ultrasound. The use of alkalinization of the urine for treatment has been proposed, but is of unproven benefit. The FDA and other regulatory agencies have recommended acceptable levels of melamine in foods for consumption. Melamine ingestion has been implicated in stone formation when co-ingested with cyanuric acid, but will cause urinary stones in infants when large amounts of melamine alone are ingested.

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“…The synthesis and characterization of these types of triazine-based supramolecular structures have been reviewed elsewhere. [6][7][8][9] …”

Section: Molecular Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimers based on [1,3,5]‐triazines

Steffensen

Hollink

Kuschel

et al. 2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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ABSTRACT:A comprehensive and chronological account of dendrimers based on [1,3,5]-triazines is provided. Synthetic strategies to install the triazine through cycloaddition, cyclotrimerization, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of cyanuric chloride are discussed.Motivations and applications of these architectures are surveyed, including the preparation of supramolecular assemblies in the solution and solid states and their use in medicines, advanced materials, and separations when anchored to solid supports. V

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Noncovalent Synthesis: Using Physical-Organic Chemistry To Make Aggregates

Cited by 1,035 publications

References 37 publications

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn

Melamine Toxicity

Dendrimers based on [1,3,5]‐triazines

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Noncovalent Synthesis: Using Physical-Organic Chemistry To Make Aggregates

Cited by 1,035 publications

References 37 publications

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ2 N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C20H20N6O7Mn

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ2 N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C20H20N6O7Mn

Melamine Toxicity

Dendrimers based on [1,3,5]‐triazines

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Product

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Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn

Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ² N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ² N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C₂₀H₂₀N₆O₇Mn