Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated
            <scp>CSRR</scp>
            ‐loaded microstrip line

Srisai, S; Harnsoongnoen, Supakorn

doi:10.1002/mmce.22557

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Regarding the methods used in this study for modifying the operating frequency and electric field intensity of the microwave sensor, the C and CR values were modified in the equivalent circuit depicted in Figure 1b by etching copper into the middle of the CSRR and narrowing the slot into the position used for sample measurement. Although the number and centered fractional pattern within the CSRR structure have been partially studied [50][51][52][53][54], the square width of CSRR, the etched square size area in the middle of the ground plane inside CSRR, and the varying fractal geometry centered within the CSRR structure have not been studied and analyzed. In order to determine the optimal size and structure before fabricating the actual parts for E2 measurements, we conducted a simulation to determine the optimal square width of CSRR, etched square size area, and fractal geometry within the ground plane of CSRR.…”

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 displays the geometrical parameters of the PF-NSCSRR device. The narrow slot width was located along the CSRR's lower edge, and the size and fractal count of the Peano fractal were centered within the CSRR structure [50][51][52][53][54]. Figure 1b shows the equivalent circuit model demonstration of the proposed sensor; L is the inductance of the transmission line per unit length, C is the coupling capacitance between the microstrip line and the CSRR structure, and C R and L R are the capacitance and inductance of the CSRR, respectively.…”

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing High 17β-Estradiol Concentrations Using a Planar Microwave Sensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Channel

2023

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The global issue of pollution caused by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been gaining increasing attention. Among the EDCs of environmental concern, 17β-estradiol (E2) can produce the strongest estrogenic effects when it enters the organism exogenously through various routes and has the potential to cause harm, including malfunctions of the endocrine system and development of growth and reproductive disorders in humans and animals. Additionally, in humans, supraphysiological levels of E2 have been associated with a range of E2-dependent disorders and cancers. To ensure environmental safety and prevent potential risks of E2 to human and animal health, it is crucial to develop rapid, sensitive, low cost and simple approaches for detecting E2 contamination in the environment. A planar microwave sensor for E2 sensing is presented based on the integration of a microstrip transmission line (TL) loaded with a Peano fractal geometry with a narrow slot complementary split-ring resonator (PF-NSCSRR) and a microfluidic channel. The proposed technique offers a wide linear range for detecting E2, ranging from 0.001 to 10 mM, and can achieve high sensitivity with small sample volumes and simple operation methods. The proposed microwave sensor was validated through simulations and empirical measurements within a frequency range of 0.5–3.5 GHz. The E2 solution was delivered to the sensitive area of the sensor device via a microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel with an area of 2.7 mm2 and sample value of 1.37 µL and measured by a proposed sensor. The injection of E2 into the channel resulted in changes in the transmission coefficient (S21) and resonance frequency (Fr), which can be used as an indicator of E2 levels in solution. The maximum quality factor of 114.89 and the maximum sensitivity based on S21 and Fr at a concentration of 0.01 mM were 1746.98 dB/mM and 40 GHz/mM, respectively. Upon comparing the proposed sensor with the original Peano fractal geometry with complementary split-ring (PF-CSRR) sensors without a narrow slot, several parameters were evaluated, including sensitivity, quality factor, operating frequency, active area, and sample volume. The results showed that the proposed sensor exhibited an increased sensitivity of 6.08% and had a 40.72% higher quality factor, while the operating frequency, active area, and sample volume showed decreases of 1.71%, 25%, and 28.27%, respectively. The materials under tests (MUTs) were analyzed and categorized into groups using principal component analysis (PCA) with a K-mean clustering algorithm. The proposed E2 sensor has a compact size and simple structure that can be easily fabricated with low-cost materials. With the small sample volume requirement, fast measurement with a wide dynamic range, and a simple protocol, this proposed sensor can also be applied to measure high E2 levels in environmental, human, and animal samples.

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Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing High 17β-Estradiol Concentrations Using a Planar Microwave Sensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Channel

2023

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“…Planar resonator sensors that use scattering characteristics have made significant progress in recent years because they accurately assess the permittivity of a test sample in a cost‐effective approach 6,7 . Sensors that can detect changes in the samples' dielectric constant based on the changes in resonant frequency, the magnitude of transmission or reflection coefficient, and the reflection phase have been developed 8–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Sensors that can detect changes in the samples' dielectric constant based on the changes in resonant frequency, the magnitude of transmission or reflection coefficient, and the reflection phase have been developed. [8][9][10][11] Various resonant elements with an electrically small size and high sensitivity have been developed for dielectric sensing applications. 12 Microwave-based dielectric sensors have a wide range of potential applications in modern society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact microwave sensor for monitoring aging of oil and fuel adulteration

Moolat

Mani

Viswanathan

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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Adulteration detection of liquids is an emerging field in the present scenario. Purity detection of engine oils and fuels is essential for the smooth functioning of automobiles. An asymmetric coplanar strip fed stepped impedance resonator (SIR) coupled single split ring resonator (SSRR) sensor is used for purity and adulteration detection of engine oil and fuels in automobiles. The sensor operating at 5.95 GHz in free space on a low-cost substrate with a compact size of 10 Â 11.5 Â 1.6 mm 3 is demonstrated in this article. The impedance contrast between the two lines of SIR and the coupled SSRR improves the electric field distribution and thus the sensitivity. The resonant frequency of the proposed sensor changes with the aging of the oil or the adulteration level. The sensor performance is analyzed with simulations and validated with measurements.

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“…A variety of methods have been created to improve sensitivity and Q-factor (Kiani, Rezaei, Karami, & Sadeghzadeh, 2018;Kiani, Rezaei, Navaei, & Abrishamian, 2018). The sensors have many uses such as determination of blood glucose levels (Kiani et al, 2019(Kiani et al, , 2021a(Kiani et al, , 2021b, investigation of the milk quality (Lonappan et al, 2006) and detection of liquids impurities (Abduljabar et al, 2020;Deng et al, 2021;Hysell et al, 2019;Kayal et al, 2020;Kiani et al, 2020;Srisai & Harnsoongnoen, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Split Ring Resonator Sensor for Determination of the Fluids Permittivity With Measurement of Human Milk Samples

2022

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In this paper, the human milk dielectric constant by a microwave sensor has been evaluated. The proposed sensor is result of coupling between a simple microstrip line and a split ring resonator and its resonance frequency is 6 GHz. When up to 30 μl of milk are placed on the sensing area on the sensor, it causes the resonance frequency to shift. Six samples of human milk were measured by a network analyzer, then the dielectric constant of the samples were determined, and three similar samples were measured by the built‐in sensor. The proposed microwave sensor has Q‐factor of 38 and its sensitivity is 0.17%. The implemented sensor has acceptable performance compared to previous sensors and it can be used to determine the normal behavior of human milk with a simple method and for this work, it requires to small value of sample for measurement.

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Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated CSRR ‐loaded microstrip line

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Sensing High 17β-Estradiol Concentrations Using a Planar Microwave Sensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Channel

Sensing High 17β-Estradiol Concentrations Using a Planar Microwave Sensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Channel

Compact microwave sensor for monitoring aging of oil and fuel adulteration

Microwave Split Ring Resonator Sensor for Determination of the Fluids Permittivity With Measurement of Human Milk Samples

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