Noncoding RNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Interaction with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Regulators of Differentiation and Lymph Node Metastasis

Dadafarin, Sina; Carnazza, Michelle; Islam, Humayun; Moscatello, Augustine; Tiwari, Raj K.; Geliebter, Jan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Interestingly, the authors hypothesized that the expression of MEG3 in CAFs may enhance their capability to remodel the ECM through MMP-2 expression and thus favor the propensity for lymph node metastases. However, the correlation between MEG3 expression and MMP-2 production in CAFs requires necessary further investigation and validation in thyroid cancers [ 68 ].…”

Section: Exploring the Role Of Fibroblasts In Thyroid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer and Fibroblasts

Avagliano¹,

Fiume

Bellevicine³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer, and its prevalence continue to rise. Non-metastatic thyroid cancer patients are successfully treated. However, looking for new therapeutic strategies is of great importance for metastatic thyroid cancers that still lead to death. With respect to this, the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a key role in tumor progression, should be considered as a new promising therapeutic target to hamper thyroid cancer progression. Indeed, thyroid tumors consist of cancer cells and a heterogeneous and ever-changing niche, represented by the TME, which contributes to establishing most of the features of cancer cells. The TME consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, soluble factors, metabolites, blood and lymphatic tumor vessels and several stromal cell types that, by interacting with each other and with tumor cells, affect TME remodeling, cancer growth and progression. Among the thyroid TME components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained more attention in the last years. Indeed, recent important evidence showed that thyroid CAFs strongly sustain thyroid cancer growth and progression by producing soluble factors and ECM proteins, which, in turn, deeply affect thyroid cancer cell behavior and aggressiveness. Hence, in this article, we describe the thyroid TME, focusing on the desmoplastic stromal reaction, which is a powerful indicator of thyroid cancer progression and an invasive growth pattern. In addition, we discuss the origins and features of the thyroid CAFs, their influence on thyroid cancer growth and progression, their role in remodeling the ECM and their immune-modulating functions. We finally debate therapeutic perspectives targeting CAFs.

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Section: Exploring the Role Of Fibroblasts In Thyroid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancer and Fibroblasts

Avagliano¹,

Fiume

Bellevicine³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“… 5 Studies have found that although PTC is often inert, vascular invasion is rare, but the rate of lymph node metastasis is high, and some PTC cases have the risk of progression and/or recurrence. 6 , 7 Regional lymph node metastasis is present in 40–90% of PTC patients upon diagnosis, and 15% of cases with lymph node metastasis exhibit aggressive tumor behavior, which is reflected in regional invasion, distant metastasis, treatment tolerance, and increased mortality. 8 Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is a PTC with the largest tumor diameter ≤1 cm, and its incidence is about 50% of the total incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Than 55 Years Old and BRAF V600E Mutation are Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas ≤1.0 cm but Not in >1.0 cm

Lai¹,

Gu²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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Background Studies on the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), risk of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) have shown inconsistent results. Methods In this retrospective analysis, clinicopathological data of the patients were collected, and molecular testing was done for BRAF V600E mutation. PTC patients are divided into PTC≤1.0cm (PTMC) and PTC>1.0cm, and the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathologic features was analyzed respectively. Results Of the 520 PTC patients, 432 (83.1%) were female and 416 (80.0%) were <55 years old. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 422 (81.2%) tumour samples of PTC. There was no significant difference in the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation between different age groups. There were 250 (48.1%) patients with PTMC and 270 (51.9%) patients with PTC>1.0cm. BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with bilateral cancer (23.0% vs 4.9%, P =0.005) and lymph node metastasis (61.7% vs 39.0%, P =0.009) in PTMC patients, while BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with bilateral cancer (24.9% vs 12.3%, P =0.048) in PTC>1.0cm patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for gender, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and calcification, we found that younger age (<55 years old) (OR: 2.384, 95% CI: 1.241–4.579, P =0.009) and BRAF V600E mutation (OR: 2.213, 95% CI: 1.085–4.512, P =0.029) were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in PTMC, similar results were not obtained in PTC>1.0cm. Conclusion Younger age (<55 years old) and BRAF V600E mutation was independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in PTMC.

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“…The tumor microenvironment (TME) is primarily composed of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, different subsets of infiltrating immune cells (IICs), bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, platelets, and inflammatory cytokines ( 5 ). Previous studies have confirmed that tumor cells or host-derived cells (immune cells and fibroblasts, amongst others) in the TME can release various lymphatic angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, C and D, lymphatic vascular factor angiogenin-2, and hepatocyte growth factor, which can stimulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review)

Wang,

Yi,

Teng

et al. 2023

Exp Ther Med

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Lymphatic metastasis is the primary type of cervical cancer metastasis and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis in patients. The tumor microenvironment primarily includes cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immune and inflammatory cells, and blood and lymphatic vascular networks, which can promote the establishment of lymphatic metastatic sites within immunosuppressive microenvironments or promote lymphatic metastasis by stimulating lymphangiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. As the most important feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia plays an essential role in lymph node metastasis. In this review, the known mechanisms of hypoxia, and the involvement of stromal components and immune inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment of lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer are discussed. Additionally, a summary of the clinical trials targeting the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cervical cancer is provided, emphasizing the potential and challenges of immunotherapy.

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Noncoding RNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Interaction with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and Regulators of Differentiation and Lymph Node Metastasis

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Thyroid Cancer and Fibroblasts

Thyroid Cancer and Fibroblasts

Younger Than 55 Years Old and BRAF V600E Mutation are Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas ≤1.0 cm but Not in >1.0 cm

Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review)

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