Nonbreaking wave‐induced mixing in upper ocean during tropical cyclones using coupled hurricane‐ocean‐wave modeling

Aijaz, Saima; Ghantous, Malek; Babanin, Alexander V.; Ginis, Isaac; Thomas, Biju; Wake, Geoff

doi:10.1002/2016jc012219

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(140 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, nonbreaking wave mixing may also contribute to mixing to a small extent. However, adding nonbreaking wave‐induced mixing (e.g., Aijaz et al, ; Stoney et al, ) or Langmuir turbulence mixing (e.g., Blair et al, ; Reichl et al, ) does not change the main upper ocean thermal anomaly structure, thus the main finding of this paper remains valid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, recent studies (e.g., Blair et al, ; Reichl et al, ) show that considering Langmuir turbulence parameterization during TC in model may improve the simulation of mixed layer depth evolution and reduce the upwelling and horizontal advection that correspond to near‐surface current. In addition, nonbreaking wave‐induced mixing has a notable effect on the mixed layer depth during TCs (e.g., Aijaz et al, ; Stoney et al, ; Toffoli et al, ). Figure shows that the significant wave height ( H s ) during Kalmaegi can reach 10.9 and 9.2 m, and wave peak period ( T p ) increased from ~8 to 15.4 and 13.4 s at Stations 1 and 4 during passage of Kalmaegi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Net Modulation of Upper Ocean Thermal Structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

JGR Oceans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In situ observation of a buoys/moorings array and a model simulation were used to study the modulation of upper ocean thermal structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi in September 2014. The inertial period signals were significant after forcing of Kalmaegi, but they did not account for the net heat change. Removing the inertial period signals showed that the net thermal response biased to the right of Kalmaegi's track. Vertical mixing caused surface cooling with an inverted-cone structure and subsurface warming with a double-wing structure. Net upwelling converted the left wing of the subsurface warming to cooling, while net downwelling warmed the upper ocean in front and on both sides of the net upwelling zone. Horizontal advection was not as important as vertical mixing and vertical advection in modulating the thermal structure but contributed to the net outward advection of thermal anomaly in the mixed layer during the forced stage and also in the net along-track recovery of subsurface anomaly during the relaxation stage. In general, horizontal and vertical advection modulated thermal anomalies in the upper ocean across a broader horizontal range and into the deeper ocean compared with the effect of vertical mixing. Our results indicate the need to consider both mixing and advection (rather than only mixing) when studying the effects of tropical cyclones on local ocean heat uptake and global ocean heat transport.Plain Language Summary Tropical cyclones are strong natural phenomena occurring on the ocean. Tropical cyclones intensify ocean mixing and deepen surface mixed layer (defined as a layer with uniform temperature). In so doing, it creates cold anomaly at the surface and warm anomaly in the subsurface, which can be considered as a downward pump of warm water (heat pump effect). The subsurface warming cannot be directly recovered by air-sea surface interaction; it may stay in the ocean and contribute to global ocean heat transport and then influence the climate system. This work studied the upper ocean thermal response to a tropical cyclone (typhoon Kalmaegi) in September 2014. The results show that besides the surface cooling and subsurface warming, typhoon Kalmaegi also cools the subsurface by an upwelling process. Upwelling brings up cold water, and part of subsurface warming is modulated outside of the main response area and into the deeper ocean (cold suction effect). This work indicates that the upper ocean thermal response to a tropical cyclone is more complicated than only heat pump effect. Cold suction effect needs to be taken into consideration when estimating the tropical cyclones' contribution to global ocean heat budget.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Modulation of Upper Ocean Thermal Structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

JGR Oceans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite of this strong dependence on depth, "adding B v to the vertical diffusivity in a global oceancirculation model yields a temperature structure in the upper 100 m that is closer to the observed climatology than in a model without the wave-induced mixing" (the citation from Qiao et al, 2004). Later, the fact of remarkable impact of the wave-induced mixing on the global circulation was confirmed in the series of works (e.g., Dai et al, 2010;Qiao et al, 2010, Pleskachevsky et al, 2011Huang et al, 2012;Qiao et al, 2016;Aijaz et al, 2017;Walsh et al, 2017, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The practical significance of the problem solution is stipulated by the tasks of improving both the ocean-circulation simulations and forecasting the weather and climate variability. The certain geophysical applications of such solutions are well represented in the recent papers (Qiao et al, 2016, Aijaz et al, 2017Walsh et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Model of Vertical Mixing Induced by Wind Waves

Polnikov

2020

Fluid Dyn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key Points: In the Navier-Stokes equations, a current is decomposed into four constituents, what allows separating the background and wave-induced Reynolds stresses. The explicit form of the wave-induced mixing function is found by the Reynolds-stress closure with using the turbulent viscosity in the wave-zone of the interface. The mixing function is linear in wave amplitude, resulting in enhanced impact of waves on a vertical mixing and related global geophysical processes. AbstractIn the Navier-Stokes equations, a current is decomposed into four constituents: the mean flow, wave-orbital motion, wave-induced-turbulent and background-turbulent currents. Under certain statistical assumptions, this allows to separate the wave-induced Reynolds stress, R w , from the background one, R b . To close R w , the Prandtl approach for the wave-induced fluctuations is used, resulting in the implicit expression for the wave-induced vertical mixing function, B v . Expression for B v is specified, basing on the author's results for the turbulent viscosity, found earlier in the frame of the three-layer concept for the air-sea interface. The explicit expression for function B v (a, u * , z) is linear in both wave amplitude a(z) at depth z and friction velocity u * in the air. Due to depth-dependence a(z)~exp(kz), the found result for B v (a) means the possibility of the enhanced impact of waves on the vertical mixing and related geophysical processes, compared with the known cubic wave-amplitude dependence B v (a).

show abstract

“…For example, Lee and Chen () have shown that the wind‐wave coupling deepens the inflow layer, thus increasing the TC intensity. It has also been shown that nonbreaking waves enhance the vertical mixing of the upper ocean (Breivik et al, ), which, in return, could modify the sea surface temperature cooling and therefore the tropical cyclone intensity (Aijaz et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Coupled Ocean‐Waves‐Atmosphere Model Designed for Tropical Storm Studies: Example of Tropical Cyclone Bejisa (2013–2014) in the South‐West Indian Ocean

Pianezze

Barthe

Bielli

et al. 2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocean‐Waves‐Atmosphere (OWA) exchanges are not well represented in current Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems, which can lead to large uncertainties in tropical cyclone track and intensity forecasts. In order to explore and better understand the impact of OWA interactions on tropical cyclone modeling, a fully coupled OWA system based on the atmospheric model Meso‐NH, the oceanic model CROCO, and the wave model WW3 and called MSWC was designed and applied to the case of tropical cyclone Bejisa (2013–2014). The fully coupled OWA simulation shows good agreement with the literature and available observations. In particular, simulated significant wave height is within 30 cm of measurements made with buoys and altimeters. Short‐term (< 2 days) sensitivity experiments used to highlight the effect of oceanic waves coupling show limited impact on the track, the intensity evolution, and the turbulent surface fluxes of the tropical cyclone. However, it is also shown that using a fully coupled OWA system is essential to obtain consistent sea salt emissions. Spatial and temporal coherence of the sea state with the 10 m wind speed are necessary to produce sea salt aerosol emissions in the right place (in the eyewall of the tropical cyclone) and with the right size distribution, which is critical for cloud microphysics.

show abstract

Nonbreaking wave‐induced mixing in upper ocean during tropical cyclones using coupled hurricane‐ocean‐wave modeling

Cited by 50 publications

References 66 publications

Net Modulation of Upper Ocean Thermal Structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)

Net Modulation of Upper Ocean Thermal Structure by Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)

Model of Vertical Mixing Induced by Wind Waves

A New Coupled Ocean‐Waves‐Atmosphere Model Designed for Tropical Storm Studies: Example of Tropical Cyclone Bejisa (2013–2014) in the South‐West Indian Ocean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About