Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Chung, Sophia M.; Gay, Creston A.; McCrary, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31266-8

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Epidemiological data link cigarette smoking as a risk factor for many ophthalmological disorders including strabismus in offspring of pregnant smokers, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, age related macular degeneration, cataract, thyroid ophthalmopathy, primary open angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uveal melanoma, conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, ocular sarcoidosis, and development of dry eyes. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The Beaver Dam Study related current active smoking and past history of smoking to a higher prevalence of dry eye disease. 27 The Blue Mountain Eye Study also recognized smoking as an important risk factor for dry eyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the tear film and ocular surface health in chronic smokers

Matsumoto

Doğru

Goto

et al. 2008

Eye

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Objective To investigate the effects of chronic smoking on ocular surface and tear functions. Methods Fifteen right eyes of 15 healthy chronic smokers (9 men, 6 women; age range: 36-47 years) who smoked 20 cigarettes per day for 20 years and 20 eyes of 20 control nonsmokers (12 men, 8 women; age range: 38-43 years) were included in this prospective study. All subjects underwent measurements of breath and haemoglobin CO concentration, tear lipid layer interferometry, evaporimetry, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's I test, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival impression, and brush cytology. Results The mean Hb CO level was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. TBUT was also significantly shorter in smokers. Tear lipid layer showed significant slowing in spread over the tear film with a concomitant significant increase in tear evaporation rate. Conjunctival impression cytology revealed significant loss of goblet cells and squamous metaplasia in smokers. Brush cytology showed significant conjunctival neutrophil infiltration in smoker subjects. Conclusion Chronic smoking induced distinctive quantitative and qualitative disturbances on the ocular surface health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the tear film and ocular surface health in chronic smokers

Matsumoto

Doğru

Goto

et al. 2008

Eye

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“…However, Moro et al 15 and Talk et al 16 have reported that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor in the development of NAION. A large (137 cases) but uncontrolled study by Chung et al 17 has concluded that smoking is a significant risk factor for NAION based on the finding that smokers developed NAION at a significantly younger age than nonsmokers. Although the mean age of smokers (63.41 years) in our analysis was older than that (51 years) reported by Chung et al 17 our analyses also showed that there was a significant association between NAION and smoking (OR: 3.586, p = 0.014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large (137 cases) but uncontrolled study by Chung et al 17 has concluded that smoking is a significant risk factor for NAION based on the finding that smokers developed NAION at a significantly younger age than nonsmokers. Although the mean age of smokers (63.41 years) in our analysis was older than that (51 years) reported by Chung et al 17 our analyses also showed that there was a significant association between NAION and smoking (OR: 3.586, p = 0.014). Our results and previous research results showing that smoking can lead to vascular diseases 10,11,[14][15][16][17] suggest that smoking might increase NAION risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy in a Korean Population

Kim

Shin

Choi

2017

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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To determine the risk factors for non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in Korean patients, medical records from 45 Korean patients group and 45 healthy controls group were retrospectively reviewed. 10 NAION risk factors, including age, sex, associated systemic disease, past medical/social history, and fundus findings were analyzed. Significant risk factors for NAION in Korean patients were diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) = 3.613, p = 0.020), hypercholesterolaemia (OR = 5.200, p = 0.001), smoking (OR = 3.58, p = 0.014), microaneurysm/ haemorrhage (OR = 5.375, p = 0.024), and crowded small cup (OR = 17.200, p < 0.001).ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Several studies have shown that cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in many vascular eye diseases, such as anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, retinal vein occlusion, and age-related macular degeneration (Chung et al 1994;Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group 2000;Klein et al 2000;McCarty et al 2001). Smoking may affect chorioretinal and optic nerve circulation by stimulating a-adrenergic vascular receptors (Cryer et al 1976) or increasing production of vasoconstricting eicosanoids (Raij et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxic compounds in tobacco smoke also affect ocular tissues, mainly through ischaemic or oxidative mechanisms (Solberg et al 1998). Some common eye diseases, such as cataract (Congdon 2001), agerelated macular degeneration (AgeRelated Eye Disease Study Research Group 2000; McCarty et al 2001), retinal vein occlusion (Klein et al 2000), anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (Chung et al 1994), thyroid ophthalmopathy (Shine et al 1990), and primary open-angle glaucoma (Wilson et al 1987;Wu & Leske 1997) have been found to be associated with cigarette smoking. Tobaccoalcohol optic neuropathy, a once common but now rare disease characterized by bilateral central visual disturbance, may occur as a result of direct toxic damage to the optic nerve, particularly in chronic heavy smokers (Potts 1973;Rizzo & Lessell 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field

Akarsu

Yazıcı

Taner

et al. 2004

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate whether moderate cigarette smoking has any effects on the central visual field. Methods: This study included 30 healthy, moderate cigarette smokers (10-20 cigarettes per day for at least the past 5 years) and 22 healthy non-smokers. After two training test sessions, all individuals underwent computerized visual field examinations (Humphrey 30-2 Full Threshold Test) with both white-on-white (W-W) perimetry and blue-on-yellow (B-Y) perimetry. One eye of each subject with reliable visual field test results was evaluated. The foveal threshold, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), short-term fluctuation (SF), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) and number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map of the smokers were compared with those of the non-smokers. Results: When the results of W-W perimetry were analysed, the smokers were found to have significantly lower foveal thresholds (p ¼ 0.001) and mean retinal sensitivity (p ¼ 0.02), and higher PSD (p ¼ 0.002) and CPSD (p ¼ 0.01) than the non-smokers. Short-term fluctuation was similar in both groups (p ¼ 0.55). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2% and p < 1% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar for both groups (p > 0.05). The number of depressed points deviating at p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was higher for the smokers than for the non-smokers (p ¼ 0.03). The results of B-Y perimetry showed the smokers to have a significantly lower foveal threshold than the non-smokers (p ¼ 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in the global indices of the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of significantly depressed points deviating at p < 5%, p < 2%, p < 1% and p < 0.5% on the pattern deviation probability map was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in GHT was determined with either perimetry for the smokers compared with the non-smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that moderate cigarette smoking is associated with both diffuse and localized reductions in retinal sensitivity with W-W perimetry. Only reduction in the foveal threshold was observed with B-Y perimetry, with no hints of diffuse and localized reductions.

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Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Alterations of the tear film and ocular surface health in chronic smokers

Alterations of the tear film and ocular surface health in chronic smokers

Risk Factors for Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy in a Korean Population

Effects of moderate smoking on the central visual field

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