Nonaqueous silica dispersions stabilized by terminally-grafted polystyrene chains

Bridger, K.; Fairhurst, D; Vincent, Brian

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(79)90271-6

Cited by 66 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, this technique was only used for grafting polymer onto flat surfaces, whereas grafting in solution was more commonly applied for other types of surface such as colloidal particles, for viscosity and dispersability reasons. Using this latter technique, Bridger et al61 grafted end‐lithiated polystyrene, synthesized by anionic polymerization, onto colloidal silica particles. The G p value was in the 0.02–0.5 chain nm −2 range (490 > DP n > 19), that is, quite close to our results (just slightly higher for low molar mass polymer).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoledronic acid and skeletal complications in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases

Hatoum

Lin

Smith

et al. 2008

Cancer

103

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BACKGROUND.Bone is among the most common sites of metastasis in patients with advanced cancer, and the development of bone metastases places patients at increased risk for skeletal complications.METHODS.This retrospective claims analysis included only patients with a diagnosis of bone metastasis who had a single type of solid tumor of the breast (women), prostate, or lung and experienced ≥1 skeletal complication between January 2002 and October 2005.RESULTS.The mean follow‐up (±standard deviation) for zoledronic acid (ZA)‐treated patients versus untreated patients was 12.2 ± 9.05 months versus 8.7 ± 9.28 months, respectively (P < .001). The monthly rate of skeletal complications in ZA‐treated patients versus untreated patients was 0.29 ± 0.3 per month versus 0.43 ± 0.4 per month, respectively (P < .001). Persistent ZA use was associated with longer follow‐up duration (P < .05) and a greater probability of continuing follow‐up. Greater persistency was associated with lower monthly rates of skeletal complications (P < .05). The length of follow‐up for ZA use according to the recommended dosing schedule was 17.11 months compared with 9.93 months for nonrecommended schedules and 8.68 months for no treatment (analysis of variance; P < .001). The rate of skeletal complications with ZA use on the recommended schedule was 0.16 events per month versus 0.31 events per month for nonrecommended schedules and 0.43 events per month for no treatment. In the subgroup analysis, the mean time to first complication was 185 ± 210 days in the ZA‐treated group versus 98 ± 161 days in the untreated group (P < .0001). The mean time from the first complication to the second complication was 111 ± 124 days in the ZA‐treated group versus 86 ± 114 days in the untreated group (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS.Real‐world evidence indicated that ZA reduced the skeletal morbidity rate and delayed the time to skeletal complications. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoledronic acid and skeletal complications in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases

Hatoum

Lin

Smith

et al. 2008

Cancer

103

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“…Li+ -CHPh-CH2-(CHPh-CH2)n-R. Living polymer of polystyrene [709] or of polybutadiene [710] has also been reacted with chlorinated silica. Anchoring of poly(ethyleneoxide) was achieved by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide with potassium tert.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nature and Estimation of Functional Groups on Solid Surfaces

Boehm

Knözinger

1983

Catalysis

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“…Polymer chains tethering onto an inorganic surface can be performed following three main routes: chemisorption of a reactive polymer end group to the surface (“grafting to”),10–13 copolymerization with grafted co‐monomer onto the inorganic surface (“grafting through”) 14–16 and the growth of polymer chains from chemically linked initiator onto the inorganic surface (“grafting from”) 17–19. With respect to the recent development in controlled/“living” radical polymerization (CRP), the “grafting from” way becomes the most powerful strategy to finely tune the dimension, functionality, composition and graft density of the polymer brushes on inorganic surfaces 20–26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Aluminum Colored Pigments Based on Gradient Copolymers Design

Joubert

Khoukh

Tranchant

et al. 2009

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A colored polymer/aluminium hybrid pigment was synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization initiated from an inorganic surface. This approach requires the preparation of a vinyl dye monomer able to copolymerize with n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BuA) and styrene (S) from the surface of aluminium flakes. The linearity of the ln([M]0/[M]t) and of the $\overline M _{\rm n}$ as a function of time and conversion constitute the criteria of control/“living” polymerization, i.e. linearity of respectively ln([M]0/[M]t) = f(t) and the $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = f(conversion) plots. Kinetic measurements reveal an upward deviation from the linearity for n‐BuA polymerization for very high conversion. The introduction of S monomer restores the control of the polymerization. Both the length of the grafted chains and the dye/styrene molar ratio influence the color of the hybrid material.magnified image

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Nonaqueous silica dispersions stabilized by terminally-grafted polystyrene chains

Cited by 66 publications

References 11 publications

Zoledronic acid and skeletal complications in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases

Zoledronic acid and skeletal complications in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases

Nature and Estimation of Functional Groups on Solid Surfaces

Hybrid Aluminum Colored Pigments Based on Gradient Copolymers Design

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