Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a multi-systemic disease

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD includes a wide spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis. NAFLD has been recognized as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome linked with insulin resistance. NAFLD should be considered not only a liver specific disease but also an early mediator of systemic diseases. Therefore, NAFLD is usually associated with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. NAFLD is highly prevalent in the general population and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of NAFLD with regard to other medical disorders are not yet fully understood. This review focuses on pathogenesis of NAFLD and its relation with other systemic diseases.

Past, Present, and Future of Hepatitis B and Fatty Liver in Bangladesh

“…NAFLD should be considered not only a liver specific disease but also an early mediator of systemic diseases. Therefore, NAFLD is usually associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia [17]. NAFLD is highly prevalent in the general population and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [17].…”

Review on Liver Steatosis and its Impact on Liver Transplantation

“…22 In addition, NAFLD could be strongly associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 53 and chronic kidney diseases. 20 NAFLD is also associated with colorectal cancer, metabolic bone disease (vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis) and rare metabolic diseases (lipodystrophies and glycogen storage diseases). 54 Despite its high prevalence and clinical significance, knowledge and awareness of NAFLD are poor, not only among the general population but also among general practitioners.…”

“…Among clinical associations, diabetes and MetS, advanced age (>45years), Hispanic ethnicity, female sex, and obesity (BMI>30) are all related to more aggressive liver histology but without a clear distinction of the cause and effect. 14,19,20 New insights have been recently provided regarding the fat composition in the steatotic livers, particularly the omega-3 and omega-6 FA ratio. In this context, omega-3 FAs down regulate the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 which enhances hepatic triglyceride accumulation.…”

Однонуклеотидні Поліморфізми Гена Адипонектину У Хворих На Цукровий Діабет 2-Го Типу Та Неалкогольну Жирову Хворобу Печінки

“…It should be looked for in patients with obesity, diabetes or lipid disturbances [3]. Dyslipidemia, IR, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, low adiponectin, high PAI-1 levels, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are main factors that lead to NAFLD, further aggravate the course of NAFLD, and accelerate the progress of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4]. The high prevalence of T2D, about 2 % of the world's population [5], the specificity of clinical manifestations and the life quality of these patients make the research of this disease and its complications especially urgent.…”

“…Both NAFLD and T2D are heterogeneous diseases. Common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and T2D include IR, atherogenic dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, CVD, chronic kidney disease, and obesity [10].…”