Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and age are strong indicators for atherosclerosis in morbid obesity

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and age may be independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in obese individuals. Obese men and women with steatosis aged over 43·5 and 47·5 years, respectively, should be screened for carotid atherosclerosis. However, further evidence is necessary before suggesting an intervention based on current findings.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease contributes to subclinical atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…By reviewing the full articles, 178 papers were further excluded because (1) data were unavailable for a risk estimate (e.g., quantitative variables); (2) there were no outcome data of interest; or (3) the study was considered a basic research study/review article or not related. Eventually, 26 unique clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this meta‐analysis …”

“…* * ******** 2008 (11) * * * ** * * * ******** 2005 (12) * * * ** * * * ******** 2008 (13) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (14) * * * ** * * * ******** 2009 (15) * * * ** * * * ******** 2013 (16) * * * ** * * * ******** 2014 (18) * * * ** * * * ******** 2010 (17) * * * ** * * * ******** 2015 (19) * * * ** * * * ******** 2009 (20) * * * ** * * * ******** 2016 (21) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (33) * * * ** * * * ******** B. Coronary artery calcification or plaques 2008 (22) * * * ** * * * ******** 2010 (23) * * * ** * * * ******** 2010 (24) * * * ** * * * ******** 2015 (25) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (26) * * * ** * * * ******** 2015 (27) * * * ** * * * ******** 2007 (28) * * * ** * * * ******** C. Arterial stiffness 2015 (29) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (35) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (30) * * * ** * * * ******** 2015 (31) * * * ** * * * ******** D. Flow-mediated dilation 2016 (32) * * * ** * * * ******** 2012 (33) * * * ** * * * ******** 2005 (34) * Author names in bold designate shared co-first authorship.…”

Increased prevalence and risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes in South China

“…The study also showed that the prevalence of fatty liver disease differs by race and ethnicity (Asian, 10.2%; black, 1.5%; Hispanic, 11.8%; white, 8.6%) and the highest rate of fatty liver disease was seen in obese children (38%) . In adults, the prevalence of NAFLD is 12–24% in Asia , but this number increases to 63.4% in obese people , 70% in people with diabetes and 90% in morbidly obese people . With the steadily increasing prevalence of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and, ultimately, metabolic syndrome, a large proportion of the Chinese population are at high risk of developing NAFLD.…”

Liraglutide improves carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an 8-month prospective pilot study

“…A recent study suggests that NAFLD and age could be independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in obese individuals [38]. In this context, the patients included in our study were mainly obese, over 60 years old, had diabetes and those who also had NAFLD had greater carotid IMT at baseline compared with those without NAFLD.…”