Non-verbal communication analysis in Victim–Offender Mediations

Ponce-López, Víctor; Escalera, Sérgio; Pérez, Miguel Ángel Sebastián; Janés, Oriol; Baró, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2015.07.040

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Fourth, we assumed the victims' willingness to engage in VOM as the victims were solely informed about the possibility to have mediated contact with the offender. Notably, VOM follows the principle that it is entered into on a voluntary basis (Umbreit and Armour, 2010;Ponce-lópez et al, 2015;Hansen and Umbreit, 2018). We did not control whether a participant would have been willing to take part in mediation or not.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sincerity Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Eye Tracking to Understand How Victims Interpret an Offender’s Apology in a Simulation of Victim–Offender Mediation

2020

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The objective of this study was to gain insights into how victims use their visual attention to determine the sincerity of an offender's apology during simulated victim-offender mediation. We hypothesized that the victims' visual attention (gaze fixation duration) would be focused more on the offender's upper (than lower) face area, especially the eyes and the eyebrows, to infer the degree to which the offender suffers, takes responsibility, and has empathy for the victim. In turn, we expected these inferences to positively predict the perceived sincerity of the apology. Additionally, we took into account the victims' a priori expectations regarding the sincerity of the apology and (positive) attitudes toward resocialization programs (ARPs). We expected both variables to enhance the above proposed process through which victims determine the sincerity of the apology. Fifty-eight students took the victim's role in a fictitious crime scenario and watched a video in which the offender offered a remorseful apology. We obtained eye tracking data to determine the participants' fixation and attention distribution. As expected, the participants' gaze fixated significantly longer on the upper face. The results also showed that their prior expectations, positive ARPs, and inferences of suffering and responsibility taking after the apology all positively predicted the perceived sincerity. However, unexpectedly, gaze duration was not directly associated with these inferences. The fixation duration on the upper face instead appeared to moderate how ARPs predicted inferences of responsibility taking. More concretely, the exploratory path model analyses revealed that when the participants had more positive a priori ARPs, the longer they focused on the offender's eyes and eyebrows and the more they concluded that he took responsibility for his actions (which in turn predicted more sincerity). However, for those with relatively negative ARPs, it was the other way around: the more they focused on the eyes and the eyebrows, the stronger they inferred that the offender did not take responsibility (which predicted less sincerity). Our findings demonstrate the vital role of the victims' a priori attitudes, expectations, and eye gaze behavior in understanding the reception and the evaluation of offenders' apologies. This study also suggests how novel technology can be used to investigate gaze behavior in the field of victim-offender mediation.

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sincerity Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Eye Tracking to Understand How Victims Interpret an Offender’s Apology in a Simulation of Victim–Offender Mediation

2020

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“…The theoretical concept brought about by semiotics is that of sign and relative sign relationship, or semiosis. * This is because semiotics studies every phenomenon of meaning and communication found, in order to face an object of analysis in a more complex reality, than the simple theoretical object of a sign (Dinică, 2014;Amaoka et al, 2011;Ponce-López et al, 2015).…”

Section: In Nonverbal Communication a Distinction Is Made Between Dif...mentioning

confidence: 99%

impact, importance, types, and use of non-verbal communication in social relations

Grillo

Enesi

2022

lingcure

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The problem of today's social and economic developments is based on communicative relations, which are the main factor in the development of human society. Most of all, the recent changes in communication reports proved how important communication is in achieving the goals not only of the speaker but also of society. Human society's important means of communication in all its types and dimensions, the relationship and mutual influence of these types are becoming more and more obvious. Over the years, different language schools have dealt with different approaches on the importance, cognition, and functionality of communication, not only linguistic but also non-linguistic, communication that does not rely on different grammatical tools and forms, or structured language, but also on the linguistic, or nonverbal element. Today's controversies in linguistics raise issues of meaning and significance, which often come from questions: 'What does it mean? 'However, the concept of meaning is not confused with communication. When we talk about communication, we refer to the process through which, someone conveys something, to someone else. The full realization of this process includes not only linguistic factors but also social and cultural ones.

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“…This paper provides a methodology, which we are using in our challenge on automatic personality trait analysis from video data [26]. The automatic analysis of videos to characterize human behavior has become an area of active research with a wide range of applications [1,2,27,28]. Research advances in computer vision and pattern recognition have lead to methodologies that can successfully recognize consciously executed actions, or intended movements, for instance, gestures, actions, interactions with objects and other people [29].…”

Section: Application Setting: the Design Of A Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Calibration Problems in Pattern Labeling with Pairwise Ratings: Application to Personality Traits

Chen¹,

Escalera²,

Guyon³

et al. 2016

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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We address the problem of calibration of workers whose task is to label patterns with continuous variables, which arises for instance in labeling images of videos of humans with continuous traits. Worker bias is particularly difficult to evaluate and correct when many workers contribute just a few labels, a situation arising typically when labeling is crowd-sourced. In the scenario of labeling short videos of people facing a camera with personality traits, we evaluate the feasibility of the pairwise ranking method to alleviate bias problems. Workers are exposed to pairs of videos at a time and must order by preference. The variable levels are reconstructed by fitting a Bradley-Terry-Luce model with maximum likelihood. This method may at first sight, seem prohibitively expensive because for N videos, p = N (N − 1)/2 pairs must be potentially processed by workers rather that N videos. However, by performing extensive simulations, we determine an empirical law for the scaling of the number of pairs needed as a function of the number of videos in order to achieve a given accuracy of score reconstruction and show that the pairwise method is affordable. We apply the method to the labeling of a large scale dataset of 10,000 videos used in the ChaLearn Apparent Personality Trait challenge.

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Non-verbal communication analysis in Victim–Offender Mediations

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Sincerity Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Eye Tracking to Understand How Victims Interpret an Offender’s Apology in a Simulation of Victim–Offender Mediation

Sincerity Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Eye Tracking to Understand How Victims Interpret an Offender’s Apology in a Simulation of Victim–Offender Mediation

impact, importance, types, and use of non-verbal communication in social relations

Overcoming Calibration Problems in Pattern Labeling with Pairwise Ratings: Application to Personality Traits

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