Non-thermal Plasma Induced Expression of Heat Shock Factor A4A and Improved Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth and Resistance Against Salt Stress

Seed priming with cold plasma improved seedling performance, secondary metabolism, and expression of deacetylvindoline O‐acetyltransferase gene in Catharanthus roseus

“…However, there are still many knowledge gaps in the function and commercialization of cold plasma to the pursuit of knowledge and goals in plant science and agriculture. The different benefits of plasma functions, such as stimulating seedling early performance, decontaminating seeds, promoting crop productivity, and improving plant adaptation to an unfavourable condition, have been confirmed by several previous studies. Moreover, cold (non‐thermal) plasma generation is associated with the production and accumulation of diverse active nitrogen (ANS) and oxygen (AOS) species, electrons, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; each is a bioactive elicitor and has its own intracellular signalling and interplay with other cellular signalling networks …”

“…However, it is worth explaining why we prefer to soak the seeds in water before the plasma treatment. According to our previous experience, the wet seeds were exposed to the plasma in this experiment. Based on current evidence, depending on whether the seed is dry or moisturized before plasma priming, the response of the seedlings to plasma may vary.…”

“…Acceleration in root development in primed seedlings (especially lateral roots) is responsible for upcoming facilitated growth, regardless of the utilized priming technique . In addition to well‐characterized mechanisms such as changes in seed coat and water uptake, recent reports indicate the molecular, physiological, anatomical, and hormonal modifications in the plasma‐treated seedlings. These mechanisms can individually and/or synergistically influence the plant growth and development programme.…”

“…Furthermore, the plasma application induced peroxidase and catalase activities (two major antioxidant enzymes) that are involved in the plant defence system. Plasma‐mediated induction in antioxidant machinery has been reported in several plant species, such as Oryza sativa , Triticum aestivum , A. fridae , and Melissa officinalis . Besides, seed priming with plasma caused modifications in the soluble phenols, PAL, alkaloids, and expression pattern of the DAT gene (four indices related to secondary metabolism).…”

“…Recently, Iranbakhsh et al in wheat, Kyzek et al in pea, Moghanloo et al in A. fridae , and Iranbakhsh et al, in hemp have provided the molecular data in response to plasma. The plasma‐derived UV photons and bioactive signalling molecules can individually or synergistically trigger particular signalling routes, thereby reprogramming intracellular metabolism . For instance, Mildažienė et al also displayed changes in the hormonal status following plasma utilization.…”