Non-target Effects of Biological Control Agents

Howarth, Francis G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4014-0_13

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…And the argument, that even well-intentioned biological control efforts can have devastating non-target impacts when proper risk analysis is not undertaken, is firmly established (Howarth 1991(Howarth , 2000(Howarth , 2001Onstad and McManus 1996;Lockwood et al 2001;Louda et al 2003b;Carruthers 2004). It is now time to take the next step: to provide data on the ecological parameters that affect the relative impacts of both purposefully and accidentally introduced alien species in order to better evaluate risks of future control efforts and alien invasions (Arnett and Louda 2002;Louda et al 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitism of native Hawaiian insects by alien wasps has been of growing concern in the last few decades (Howarth 1983b;Gagne and HowarthAlien wasps have been implicated in the decline or extinction of 16 lepidopteran species in Hawaii (Gagne and Howarth 1985), with focus being drawn to wasps intentionally introduced as biological control agents (Howarth 1983b(Howarth , 1991(Howarth , 2000(Howarth , 2001Asquith and Miramontes 2001;Henneman and Memmott 2001). Of particular concern is the extent to which alien species can disrupt native foodwebs, either directly by depletion of particular prey species, or indirectly through competition, or apparent competition that alters predator-prey relationships Morris and Lewis 2002;Pearson and Callaway 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Oboyski

Slotterback

Banko³

2004

J Insect Conserv

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Oboyski, Peter T.; Slotterback, John W.; and Banko, Paul C., "Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii" (2004 Key words: Alien species, Biological control, Elevation gradient, Moth conservation, Non-target, Parasitism AbstractAlien parasitic wasps, including accidental introductions and purposefully released biological control agents, have been implicated in the decline of native Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Understanding the potential impacts of alien wasps requires knowledge of ecological parameters that influence parasitism rates for species in their new environment. Sophora seed-feeding Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were surveyed for larval parasitoids to determine how native and alien wasps are partitioned over an elevation gradient (2200-2800 m) on Hawaii Island, Hawaii. Parasitism rate of native Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae) increased with increased elevation, while parasitism rate by immigrant Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) decreased. Parasitism by Pristomerus hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, also decreased with increased elevation. Two other species, Diadegma blackburni (Ichneumonidae), origins uncertain, and Brasema cushmani (Eupelmidae), a purposefully introduced biological control agent for pepper weevil, did not vary significantly with elevation. Results are contrasted with a previous study of this system with implications for the conservation of an endangered bird species that feed on Cydia larvae. Interpretation of results is hindered by lack of knowledge of autecology of moths and wasps, origins, phylogeny, systematics, competitive ability, and physiological limitations of each wasp species. These factors should be incorporated into risk analysis for biological control introductions and invasive species programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Oboyski

Slotterback

Banko³

2004

J Insect Conserv

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“…Boettner et al 2 reported that C. concinnata and its parasitism likely resulted in a significant decline in native silk moths. As L. dispar is univoltine 8 , this parasitoid would attack non-target species to complete multiple generations each year after L. dispar larvae are no longer available 2,14,19 . In the present study, C. concinnata showed high survival rates throughout a wide temperature range of 15.0-27.5ºC (73.0-92.9%) when M. separata was used as the host (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early 1900's, C. concinnata was introduced into North America as a biological control agent for lepidopteran pests, especially L. dispar 6 . Recently, however, some researches pointed out that C. concinnata damages the populations of native and nontarget lepidopteran species in introduced areas 2,14,19 . As well as being a biological control agent, C. concinnata is also a critical invading alien species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition and Immature Development of the Parasitoid Fly Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Ichiki

Nakamura

2007

JARQ

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“…In contrast, negative indirect effects from invasive species management appear to be more common than positive ones (Bergstrom et al 2009, Rinella et al 2009, Zipkin et al 2009). Biological control is perhaps ''the poster child'' of non-target effects of species management with abundant literature documenting these effects (Howarth 2000, Myers et al 2000, Louda and Stiling 2004. The potential for nontarget effects of invasive and imperiled species management demonstrates the need for integrated management plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐target effects of invasive species management: beachgrass, birds, and bulldozers in coastal dunes

2010

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Abstract. Alteration of ecosystem processes by invasive species can lead to the decline of native species.Management actions targeted at removing these invaders and restoring native populations may have knock-on effects on non-target native species and ecosystems. For example, coastal dunes in the Pacific Northwest of North America are nearly monocultures of the introduced beach grasses, Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata. These invasive grasses have converted open, low-lying sand dunes with a sparse covering of native plants to tall, densely-vegetated ridges dominated by the two invaders. As a result, the critical open-sand habitat of the federally threatened Western Snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) has declined along with populations of several native dune plant species. Here we investigate how nearly 20 years of management targeted at the removal of Ammophila for plover recovery are impacting native plant species and dune morphology along 500 km of coastline in Oregon and Washington, USA. Despite increased plovers and decreased Ammophila in treated areas, plover habitat restoration also has had the unintentional effect of reducing the richness and abundance of native dune plants. Additionally, frequent Ammophila removal has prevented the re-establishment of the natural disturbance regime and dune function. Based on these findings, we suggest that the Pacific Northwest coastal dune ecosystem would benefit from a more synthetic community-wide management approach.

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Non-target Effects of Biological Control Agents

Cited by 48 publications

References 83 publications

Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Differential parasitism of seed-feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by native and alien wasp species relative to elevation in subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) forests on Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Oviposition and Immature Development of the Parasitoid Fly Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Non‐target effects of invasive species management: beachgrass, birds, and bulldozers in coastal dunes

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