Non-suppurative Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin in Cats and Dogs: an Immunohistochemical Study

Schwab, Stephanie; Herden, Christiane; Seeliger, Frank; Papaioannou, Nikolaos; Psalla, Dimitra; Polizopulou, Z.; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.11.006

Cited by 78 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Tissue sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. To exclude other infections, additional immunohistological investigations were carried out against rabies virus, canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus, canine adenovirus 1, canine parainfluenza virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Borna disease virus, and Prion protein Sc as described previously (49). Furthermore, polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for S-100 (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) were used to further characterize the reactive cells within the CNS, as previously described (47).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this report, a leukoencephalopathy in Cretan hound puppies suffering from a puppy shaker syndrome and exhibiting parvovirus infection of the CNS is described (49). Furthermore, the cellular source of parvovirus replication in the brain was investigated in order to provide insights in the pathogenesis of leukoencephalopathies and the possible impact of associated virus infections of the CNS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Parvovirus Infection in Cretan Hound Puppies

Schaudien¹,

Polizopoulou

Koutinas

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Leukoencephalopathies in dogs encompass presumably inherited conditions such as leukodystrophies, hypomyelination or spongiform degeneration, but other causes, such as virus infections and toxic or nutritional factors, might also play a contributory role. In this report, we provide evidence of parvovirus infection and replication in the brains of five 6-week-old Cretan hound puppies suffering from a puppy shaker syndrome and leukoencephalopathy. Although these puppies belonged to two different litters, they were closely related, tracing back two generations to the same sire. Histologically, a mild to moderate lymphohistiocytic meningitis, with focal lymphohistiocytic leukoencephalitis in two animals, and a mild to moderate vacuolation with myelin loss, mainly in the white matter of the cerebellum was detected. Vacuolation was also found in the corpus callosum, fimbria hippocampi, mesencephalon, capsula interna, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Parvovirus Infection in Cretan Hound Puppies

Schaudien¹,

Polizopoulou

Koutinas

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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“…In our study, the species most affected was the dog (Graph.2). These disorders may, in fact, be triggered by an as yet unidentified pathogen and are therefore to be considered "potential zoonoses" (Schwab et al, 2007). The histological lesions were often suggestive of viral infections, but no causative agent has ever been isolated so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses Surveillance in Italy (2000-2009): Investigation on Animals with Neurological Symptoms

Iulini¹,

Pintore²,

Maurella³

et al. 2011

Non-Flavivirus Encephalitis

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Non-Flavivirus Encephalitis 30Neurological diseases include those caused by highly pathogenic neurotropic agents such as rabies viruses and opportunistic agents that may develop disease in the immunocompromised. These agents belong to the genus Rhabdovirus, Herpesvirus, Flavivirus, Alphavirus, Bornavirus and Circovirus; others are bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, Chlamydophila psittaci, Campylobacter jejuni, or parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Halicephalobus gingivalis. Recognized neurozoonotic agents among the fungi are Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. Within the group of food-borne zoonoses, E. coli O157: H7 is a particularly relevant syndrome because ruminants, especially cattle, are the main reservoir of the bacterium, while milk and dairy products and meat are the vehicle of infection. At a 2004 meeting on emerging zoonoses jointly organized by the WHO, FAO and OIE, the factors that contribute to the emergence of zoonoses were carefully analyzed: greater pathogen adaptation and resistance (new strains); increased drug resistance; increased susceptibility of humans and animals; climate change and so on. Currently, there are about 60 (DPR 320/54 and European Directive 2003/99/EC), notifiable animal diseases in Italy, many of which are zoonoses, but this list is always likely to change. It is also worth pointing out that the existence of animal reservoirs (domestic and wild) and complex transmission mechanisms, by vector and food, make collaboration between human and veterinary medicine essential for ensuring public health safety. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of neurological zoonoses or zoonotic agents in Italy, and to estimate the epidemiological impact of neurological diseases potentially transmissible to humans. It is important to assess which species are at risk of disease and which are the best reservoirs for pathogens in order to understand the cause of their onset and which measures could be taken against their spread.

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“…Nevertheless, among all the possibilities, infectious/ inflammatory brain conditions are especially important and have been playing an important role in the incidence of encephalopathy in dogs (TIPOLD, 1995;THOMAS, 1998;PLATT, 2006;SCHWAB et al, 2007;AMUDE;2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

2012

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Despite large vaccination practice, canine distemper virus (CDV) is yet an important infectious agent that leads to nervous disease in canine populations worldwide. Unfortunately, the clinical diagnosis of distemper encephalomyelitis is often difficult in cases presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection such as systemic signs and myoclonus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neurological deficits and the clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs suffering from neurological disease admitted in the absence of the conventional evidences of CDV infection. Dogs presented with central nervous disease in which toxic/traumatic or a CDV-free etiology could be excluded ante mortem were prospectively followed up and which that died (natural death or euthanasia, despite medical treatment) and necropsy was carried out were included in this study. Ten out of 35 evaluated dogs were post mortem diagnosed with CDV encephalomyelitis by both CDV RNA detection through RT-PCR assay in nervous tissue and observation of distemper-compatible neuroparenchymal lesions. According to the nervous signs, clinical history, and the age of presentation, the distemper dogs were grouped in three clinical syndromes of CDV encephalomyelitis: i) canine distemper encephalitis in immature dogs (CDEID) (n=3); ii) multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in mature dogs (MDEMD) (n=6); and iii) old dog encephalitis (ODE)-like syndrome (n=1). The respective nervous deficits expected from each one of the syndromes herein presented were discussed. Key words: Dog, canine distemper virus, distemper, encephalomyelitis, RT-PCR ResumoApesar da prática de vacinação, o vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) ainda é um importante agente infeccioso que leva à doença neurológica na população canina em todo o mundo. Infelizmente, o diagnóstico clínico da encefalomielite pela cinomose é difícil nos casos apresentados sem evidências clínicas convencionais de infecção pelo CDV, tais como sinais sistêmicos e mioclonia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os déficits neurológicos e as síndromes clínicas da apresentação neurológica da cinomose em cães portadores de doença neurológica apresentados na ausência de evidências convencionais de infecção pelo CDV. Foram prospectivamente acompanhados cães que apresentaram doença do sistema nervoso central, onde a abordagem diagnóstica ante mortem excluiu outras afecções que não cinomose (etiologia tóxica, traumática, degenerativa, neoplásica, etc) incluídos neste estudo os animais que vieram a óbito (morte natural ou eutanásia, apesar do tratamento médico) e foram necropsiados. Dez de 35 cães avaliados foram diagnosticados no post-mortem com encefalomielite pelo CDV pela detecção de RNA viral pelo RT-PCR no tecido nervoso e observação de lesões neuroparenquimatosas compatíveis com cinomose. De acordo com os sinais neurológicos, a história clínica e a idade de apresentação, os cães foram agrupados em três síndromes clínicas da forma neurológica da cinomose: i) encefalite pela cinomose ca...

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Non-suppurative Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin in Cats and Dogs: an Immunohistochemical Study

Cited by 78 publications

References 72 publications

Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Parvovirus Infection in Cretan Hound Puppies

Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Parvovirus Infection in Cretan Hound Puppies

Zoonoses Surveillance in Italy (2000-2009): Investigation on Animals with Neurological Symptoms

Clinical syndromes of nervous distemper in dogs initially presented without conventional evidences of CDV infection

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