Non-specific uterine infection and bovine fertility

Griffin, Joanna; Hartigan, P. J.; Nunn, W.R.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(74)90052-1

Cited by 190 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Gentamicin (G) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is effective against most microorganisms associated with infection of the bovine reproductive tract (Hennessey et al, 1971;Bachman et al, 1975). Endometritis, metritis, pyometra, and chronic metritis are frequently associated with the presence of Gram negative bacteria, especially E. coli (Bretzlaff et al, 1980) as well as with the presence of C. pyogenes (Griffin et al, 1974), Streptococci sp., and Pasteurella sp. (Miller et al, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows*

Al‐Guedawy

Neff-Davis

Davis

et al. 1983

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The distribution of gentamicin (G) in plasma and uterine lumen was studied following intramuscular (i.m.) and intrauterine (i.u.) treatment. A Foley catheter was inserted into one uterine horn and retained in place by inflation of the cuff. This provided a closed system for collection of uterine lumen samples and analysis of the concentration of gentamicin for 6 h following treatment. Four normal cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.m. injections of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and another two were given i.m. injections of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW gentamicin. The uteri were infused with 50 ml saline containing phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP) indicator. Blood and infused solution (IS) samples were periodically collected during the 6-h period following i.m. administration. Six hours after injection, approximately 183.7 micrograms gentamicin and 39.4 micrograms gentamicin were accumulated in the uterine lumen of cows receiving 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW, respectively. The amount of gentamicin reaching the blood stream after i.m. administration of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW was 2.89 times that reached after administration of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW based on the area under the curve of plots of plasma concentration of gentamicin versus time. Four normal-cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.u. infusions of gentamicin (225-275 mg) diluted in 50 ml saline containing PSP indicator using a Foley catheter in a closed system. Samples from the IS and blood were collected at various intervals for 6 h after infusion. Following i.u. infusion of gentamicin, an average of 29.4% of the dose was absorbed into the bloodstream. The majority of the dose of gentamicin (70.6%) remained in the uterine lumen throughout the 6-h period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows*

Al‐Guedawy

Neff-Davis

Davis

et al. 1983

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…The indicator protein levels present in the high %PMN no growth (ng) group of this study may well be due to uterine inflammation as a consequence of the presence of unidentified organisms or, possibly, persistence of the inflammatory response after an earlier bacterial contamination had been cleared. We chose to sample the uterine environment earlier than usually recommended in the postpartum period in order to get a snapshot of bacteria present before they were eliminated from the uterus, as has been shown by Griffin et al (1974). In this way, we could assess the impact of infection by various microorganisms on the ability of the cow to recover from these infections and on her ability to conceive thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These infections are non-specific and during the following 6 weeks the composition of uterine flora changes, with repeated cycles of contamination and clearance, as bacterial species are spontaneously cleared, allowing others to establish which, in turn, are eventually cleared in the majority of cases (Griffin et al 1974;Santos and Bicalho 2012). However, the risk of developing clinical uterine infection is increased in cows that have twins or stillbirth, dystocia at calving or retained fetal membranes and those with metabolic disorders (LeBlanc 2008;Gautam et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Like most of the other microorganisms T. pyogenes did not persist and was eventually cleared. Several studies, where the postpartum uterine health status was monitored with uterine cytology or biopsies, also showed that a high percentage of cows (70-80%) with mild or subclinical endometritis, whatever the organisms, self-resolved the infection by 6-8 weeks postpartum (Griffin et al 1974;Mateus et al 2002;Gautam et al 2010;Green et al 2011). On the other hand, the isolation of a significant pathogen, such as T. pyogenes, at 42 DPP has been shown to negatively affect the final pregnancy rate (McDougall et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheldon et al (2009) identified the most prevalent bacteria as Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica and Proteus species but found no interaction between the pathogenic group present and the severity of intrauterine infection. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, now reclassified as Trueperella pyogenes (Yassin et al 2011), is an opportunistic pathogen of domestic ruminants and, either alone or with other bacteria, is commonly associated with bovine uterine infections (Griffin et al 1974;Lewis 1997). Repeated postpartum uterine sampling showed that T. pyogenes was the most common bacterial species isolated between 8 and 42 days postpartum (DPP) and was the most prevalent organism isolated in cows with severe endometritis (69% of severe cases); however, it was extremely rare after 21 DPP in cows that conceived to first service (Williams et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of pathogenic bacteria species present in the postpartum bovine uterus on proteome profiles

Ledgard

Smolenski

et al. 2015

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. In the first 2-3 weeks after parturition .90% of dairy cows will have some form of uterine infection. Uterine contamination with pathogens, such as Trueperella (formerly Arcanobacterium) pyogenes increases the risk of developing more severe endometritis, which can reduce conception rates. In this study, we compared the uterine proteome of cows infected with Trueperella pyogenes with that of uninfected cows, using 2D gel electrophoresis, and identified annexins A1 and A2 (ANXA1 and ANXA2), apolipoprotein A-1, calprotectin (S100A9), cathelicidin, enolase 1 (ENO1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), serine dehydratase (SDS) and serine protease inhibitors (SERPIN) B1, B3 and B4 proteins as differing in abundance in endometritis. Subsequently, levels of ten of these proteins were monitored in uterine samples collected from a herd of lactating, dairy cows at 15 and 42 days postpartum (DPP). The levels were compared with the cytology scores of the samples and the bacterial species isolated from the uterus. Cathelicidin, PGLYRP1, SERPINB1 and S100A9 levels at 15DPP showed strong positive correlations (r ¼ 0.78, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.68 respectively; P , 0.001) with % of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). When compared with other bacterial pathogens identified, Streptococcus agalactiae and Truperella pyogenes induced increased expression of the indicator proteins, suggesting that these organisms may adversely affect the subsequent ability of the cow to conceive. Interestingly, there was no difference in the proportion of cows pregnant at 6 and 17 weeks after start of mating between the cows with high or low %PMN.

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Postpartum Uterine Infection

Dadarwal

Palmer

2021

Bovine Reproduction

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Non-specific uterine infection and bovine fertility

Cited by 190 publications

References 2 publications

Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows*

Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows*

Influence of pathogenic bacteria species present in the postpartum bovine uterus on proteome profiles

Postpartum Uterine Infection

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