Non-rhizobial endophytic (NRE) yeasts assist nodulation of Rhizobium in root nodules of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

Non-rhizobial Root Nodule Endophytic Yeast, Candida tropicalis VYW1 Impacts Germination, Nodulation behavior and Metabolic flux in Blackgram (Vignamungo L.)

“…Similar to our findings, previous works also confirmed that the benefits bestowed by co-inoculation on plant health, especially in legumes on nodule development, are consistent (Walpola and Yoon, 2013;Morel et al, 2012;Korir et al, 2017). Further, the yeast strain, C. tropicalis VYW1 showed indirect PGP characters such as polyamine production and high ACC deaminase activity, siderophore, polyamines, and ammonia production (Thanuja et al, 2020). Besides, PGP yeasts exhibit antagonistic action against plant pathogens (Ferraz et al, 2019).…”

“…Microbial strains and culture conditions C. tropicalis VYW1, and Rhizobium sp. VRE1 obtained from root nodules of Vigna mungo L., (Thanuja, et al, 2017;Thanuja et al, 2020) were grown in 100 mL of Tryptone yeast extract (TY) broth separately. The inoculated flasks were incubated at 28°C in a rotary shaker for 2-3 days until the logarithmic phase (~ 1 x 10 9 viable cells mL -1 ) (Woomer et al, 2011).…”

“…The co-existence of other microbes inside the root nodules were termed as non-rhizobial root nodule endophytes (NRE). Some of the NRE including Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Microbispora, and Candida sp. have been reported in different legumes (Velázquez et al, 2013;Le et al, 2016, Raja et al, 2019Thanuja et al, 2020).…”

“…The significant influence of NREY C. tropicalis VYW1 on germination of blackgram seeds might be attributed due to its plant-growth promoting traits and secondary metabolites (Thanuja et al, 2020;Brundha et al, 2020 Unpublished). Korir et al, (2017) found that co-inoculation of Bacillus strains with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in soybean plants provided the most significant increases in shoot and root length, nodule number and total biomass, total nitrogen and grain yield (Bai et al, 2003).…”

“…Previously, we have isolated the NRE yeast, C. tropicalis VRE1 from root nodules of blackgram (Thanuja et al, 2017). The NRE Yeasts may also assist Rhizobium and other NRE counterparts by unique signalling compounds (Thanuja et al,2020). This interaction may pose overall beneficial effects to legume -Rhizobium symbiosis compared to the presence of individual entity inside nodules.…”