Non-radical dominated degradation of bisphenol S by peroxymonosulfate activation under high salinity condition: Overlooked HOCl, formation of intermediates, and toxicity assessment

Sulfur-doped porous carbon sheets embedded with rich iron sites for 1O2 dominated peroxymonosulfate activation

“…In AOPs, the initial pH could affect the degradation rate by hindering the oxidation of PMS and the formation of ROS. 7 In this work, the degradation of phenol by the Fe–SNC-0.2/PMS system was satisfactory in a wide initial pH range (Fig. 4(d)).…”

“…Some electrons were scattered on the oxidizing S active site, and more of them were accumulated at the position where the S active sites bind to PMS, creating favorable conditions for the redox interaction between S and PMS. 7 Particularly, a greater electron density was seen when PMS was adsorbed on –C–SO 3 –, probably as a result of PMS dissociation. 41 The bond length ( I O–O ) between the HO– and –SO 3 O– group of PMS and the corresponding E ads are listed in Fig.…”

“…The non-radical pathway ( 1 O 2 ) was crucial to the breakdown of phenol, as demonstrated by the outcomes of quenching tests and EPR measurements. Fe-SNC-0.2 exhibited effectiveness in a wide range of pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), and the developed Fe-SNC-0.2/PMS system had high efficiency with satisfactory recyclability and outstanding adaptability to degrade various pollutants. The present work provides new ideas for the development of heteroatom and iron co-doped carbon material as efficient activators for wastewater treatment.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Nevertheless, radical-dominated processes were easily affected by water matrices (reaction pH, natural organic matter, and anions), which restricted their application in activation/degradation. [5][6][7] Moreover, some toxic byproducts will be produced through the reactions of active radicals with halide ions. [7][8][9][10] On the contrary, unlike radical processes, non-radical processes have the following outstanding advantages: 1) they effectively avoid competitive quenching effects among various free radicals; 11 2) they selectively and efficiently degrade organic pollutants; 12 3) they possess extensive pH adaptability and high salinity tolerance.…”

“…[5][6][7] Moreover, some toxic byproducts will be produced through the reactions of active radicals with halide ions. [7][8][9][10] On the contrary, unlike radical processes, non-radical processes have the following outstanding advantages: 1) they effectively avoid competitive quenching effects among various free radicals; 11 2) they selectively and efficiently degrade organic pollutants; 12 3) they possess extensive pH adaptability and high salinity tolerance. 13,14 Some earlier research has shown that non-radical PMS-AOPs degrade organic pollutants in a variety of ways, 1,3,6,15,16 such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), electron transfer, high-valence metal oxidation, and surface-activated complexes.…”