Non-platinum cathode catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells

Kruusenberg, Ivar; Matisen, Leonard; Shah, Q.; Kannan, Arunachala Mada; Tammeveski, Kaido

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.143

Cited by 187 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…−0.11 V, which are similar and even slightly better compared to the values achieved by the other working groups with MnPc and CuPc catalysts on Vulcan carbon XC-72R support [33,34,45]. The electrocatalytic activity of pyrolysed MnPc/ MWCNT material is even somewhat better than that previously reported for CoPc/MWCNT and FePc/MWCNT [54]. For the CuPc/MWCNT catalyst (Fig.…”

Section: Rotating Disk Electrode Studies Of O 2 Reductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Kaare

Kruusenberg

Merisalu

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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Manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)-modified electrodes were prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a support material. The catalyst materials were heat treated at four different temperatures to investigate the effect of pyrolysis on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of these electrocatalysts. The MWCNT to metal phthalocyanine ratio was varied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualise the surface morphology of the electrodes and the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) study was carried out to analyse the surface composition of the most active catalyst materials. The ORR was studied in 0.1 M KOH solution employing the rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. Glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were modified with carbon nanotube-supported metal phthalocyanine catalysts using Tokuyama AS-4 ionomer. The RDE results revealed that the highest electrocatalytic activity for ORR was achieved upon heat treatment at 800°C. CuPc-derived catalyst demonstrated lower catalytic activity as compared to the MnPc-derived counterpart, which is in good agreement with previous literature, whereas the activity of MnPc-based catalyst was higher than that reported earlier.

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Section: Rotating Disk Electrode Studies Of O 2 Reductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Kaare

Kruusenberg

Merisalu

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…10 For carbonsupported MnO x , the reaction order with respect to hydroxyl is −0.5, and for Ni-doped MnO x the reaction order with respect to hydroxyl is −2. The reaction order with respect to hydroxyl for Pt 3 Co is −0.5 and 0 for low and high current density regions, respectively. 36 The order of reaction with respect to hydroxyl concentration, and in general the sensitivity of the oxygen reduction reaction with respect to hydroxyl concentration, is typically interpreted to arise from two sources.…”

Section: Reaction Orders With Respect To O 2 and Ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common challenge to development of these technologies is the need for electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction. [1][2][3][4] The oxygen reduction reaction is more efficiently catalyzed in alkaline electrolyte, 5 but even in this medium, the performance of the present commercial Pt/C catalysts is non-optimal. 6 The Pt/C catalysts lack durability resulting in unacceptably rapid degradation of activity through time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on α-Ni(OH)₂and α-Ni(OH)₂Supported on Graphene Oxide

Farjami

Deiner²

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction on α-Ni(OH) 2 and α-Ni(OH) 2 supported on graphene oxide (α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO) were investigated using rotating disk linear sweep voltammetry in alkaline solutions of varying oxygen and hydroxyl concentrations. Over the full hydroxyl concentration range (0.05 M to 0.5M), α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO displayed higher activity than unsupported α-Ni(OH) 2 . The electron transfer numbers were 2.9 ± 0.2 for α-Ni(OH) 2 , 3.4 ± 0.1 for α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO at low [OH − ], and 3.8-3.9 for α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO at high [OH − ]. Compared to α-Ni(OH) 2 , α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO displayed higher chemical reaction rate constants and higher electron transfer rate constants. These differences suggest that the synergy between the α-Ni(OH) 2 catalyst and the graphene oxide support is related to increases in both the speed of the rate determining chemical step and the facility for electron transfer. The order of reaction with respect to oxygen was ∼1 for α-Ni(OH) 2 and α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO. The order of reaction with respect to hydroxyl was ∼0 for α-Ni(OH) 2 and α-Ni(OH) 2 /GO. The first order reaction with respect to oxygen is precedented, but the zero reaction order with respect to hydroxyl is particular to the α-Ni(OH) 2 catalysts. The zero reaction order is explained by possible decoupling of solution and catalyst surface hydroxyl concentrations.

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“…Heat treatment of the catalysts has been utilized to improve the catalyst stability significantly; in this case, the catalyzed ORR is better suited to a four-electron pathway, producing less hydrogen peroxide. However, this improvement is still insufficient for practical applications [8][9][10]. These non-noble catalysts have been extensively studied, and the important question of the structure of their active site has been extensively debated [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

Jeon

Yoon

et al. 2013

J Appl Electrochem

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Nitrogen-doped carbon (CNx) nanotubes were synthesized by thermal decomposition of ferrocene/ethylenediamine mixture at 600-900°C. The effect of the temperature on the growth and structure of CNx nanotubes was studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. With increasing growth temperature, the total nitrogen content of CNx nanotubes was decreased from 8.93 to 6.01 at.%. The N configurations were changed from pyrrolic-N to quaternary-N when increasing the temperature. Examination of the catalytic activities of the nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction by rotating disk electrode measurements and single-cell tests shows that the onset potential for oxygen reduction in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 of the most effective catalyst (CNx nanotubes synthesized at 900°C) was 0.83 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode. A current density of 0.07 A cm -2 at 0.6 V was obtained in an H 2 /O 2 proton-exchange membrane fuel cell at a cathode catalyst loading of 2 mg cm -2 .

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Non-platinum cathode catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells

Cited by 187 publications

References 48 publications

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Kinetic Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on α-Ni(OH)₂and α-Ni(OH)₂Supported on Graphene Oxide

Activity and active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

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Non-platinum cathode catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells

Cited by 187 publications

References 48 publications

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on multi-walled carbon nanotube supported copper and manganese phthalocyanines in alkaline media

Kinetic Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on α-Ni(OH)2and α-Ni(OH)2Supported on Graphene Oxide

Activity and active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

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Kinetic Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on α-Ni(OH)₂and α-Ni(OH)₂Supported on Graphene Oxide