Activity and active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

Ok, Jinhee; Jeon, Yu Kwon; Yoon, Seong Ho; Shul, Yong Gun

doi:10.1007/s10800-012-0523-0

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Pyrolysis of alkylamines was also frequently employed synthetic route to NCNTs, mainly MWNCNTs (Table 3) [101,[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146]. A novel simple approach, quite different from classic CVD processes, has recently been developed for synthesizing NCNTs from flames using liquid alkylamines as fuels, which created a high reaction temperature and provided a C/N source [132].…”

Section: Arc-discharge and Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

Ćirić‐Marjanović

Pašti

Mentus

2015

Progress in Materials Science

111

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Section: Arc-discharge and Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

Ćirić‐Marjanović

Pašti

Mentus

2015

Progress in Materials Science

111

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“…Based on previous research reports, the opinion was supported on the ORR activity of N-doped carbon, various nitrogen configurations are not all active sites for ORR. Furthermore, among the active sites, quaternary-N may be stable active sites while pyridinic-N is not that much stable for the acid condition as in the ORR [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, the ILC-900 °C showed the highest ORR activity with a best onset potential and diffusion-limited current. This result came from the physical and electrochemical characterizations that suggest the total nitrogen amount and all nitrogen configurations are not the active sites for ORR, though quaternary nitrogen may be the active sites for the increase in electrochemical activity and conductivity by the graphitic structure [33]. It can be concluded that the ORR activity is 6 shows the catalytic activities of the prepared catalysts in oxygen saturated 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution at room temperature using a potential scan rate of 5 mV/s and a rotation rate of 1600 rpm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Byambasuren

Jeon

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen (N)-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with a dual transition metal system were synthesized as non-Pt catalysts for the ORR. The highly nitrogen doped OMCs were prepared by the precursor of ionic liquid (3-methyl-1-butylpyridine dicyanamide) for N/C species and a mesoporous silica template for the physical structure. Mostly, N-doped carbons are promoted by a single transition metal to improve catalytic activity for ORR in PEMFCs. In this study, our N-doped mesoporous carbons were promoted by the dual transition metals of iron and cobalt (Fe, Co), which were incorporated into the N-doped carbons lattice by subsequently heat treatments. All the prepared carbons were characterized by via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the activities of synthesized doped carbons, linear sweep was recorded in an acidic solution to compare the ORR catalytic activities values for the use in the PEMFC system. The dual transition metal promotion improved the ORR activity compared with the single transition metal promotion, due to the increase in the quaternary nitrogen species from the structural change by the dual metals. The effect of different ratio of the dual metals into the N doped carbon were examined to evaluate the activities of the oxygen reduction reaction.

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“…Qiu 27 treated carbon nanotubes (undoped) with ammonia, and found that ORR starts at 0.72 V/SHE. Furthermore, Dorjgotov 28 synthesized N-CNT from ethylenediamine at different temperatures (600-900…”

Section: Synthesized N-cnts At Different Temperatures (750-950mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of temperature on the catalytic activity of the N-CNTs under acidic conditions (0.5 M H 2 SO 4 ) has been reported. 25,26,28 Dorjgotov 28 evaluated the catalytic activity of N-CNTs and show the synthesis temperature (600-900…”

Section: Synthesized N-cnts At Different Temperatures (750-950mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Synthesis Parameters in Carbon Nanotubes Doped with Nitrogen for Oxygen Electroreduction

González

Valenzuela-Muñiz

Alonso-Núñez

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were synthesized by modified chemical vapor deposition method using a novel two steps thermal technique. Pyridine was used as carbon and nitrogen source and ferrocene as catalyst for nanotubes growth. The effects of reactor temperature and carrier gas flow were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and linear scan voltammetry. Results show that the synthesis temperature and gas flow rate have influence on the physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of the nanostructures. Microscopy studies exhibit that synthesis temperature modify the length, yield and diameter of the N-CNTs. Transmission microscopy electron images show multiwalled carbon nanotubes with the typical bamboo like structures. High temperature and low flow rate generate more defects, as revealed by Raman analyses. N-CNTs synthesized at the highest temperature and flow rate show better electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction with promising lower onset potential and current densities up to 80% when compared to traditional Pt/C. The favorable performance is attributed to the higher nitrogen content and the type of nitrogen species, mainly pyrrolic and pyridinic incorporated in the carbon lattice. For the last decades, platinum (pure and Pt alloys) has been the best and well known electrocatalyst for the oxidation and reduction reactions in fuel cells. However, scarcity, high price and degradation of platinum as catalyst in fuel cell represent a challenge for commercial proposes.1,2 In recent years, there have been efforts to reduce the platinum loading, or even to eliminate it from the electrodes. It is therefore necessary to develop non-Pt catalytic materials available, cheap and electroactive to replace the precious metal. Carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen (N-CNTs) have reached the point to become an alternative catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells cathode. 3 There have been many studies concerning the synthesis of carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen atoms using different carbon-nitrogen precursors using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and having a good electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Alexeyeva 4 synthesized N-CNTs using acetonitrile as carbon and nitrogen sources. They studied the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen with and without doped nanotubes in 0.5M H 2 SO 4 solution where the N-CNTs show significantly more activity for ORR than the free-doping nanotubes. Wong 2 obtained N-CNTs through CVD technique using three different chemical precursors as nitrogen sources: aniline (A), diethylamine (DEA) and ethylenediamine. The analysis revealed that the N-CNTs obtained from EDA with 6.5 at. % N was more active for ORR in acidic medium than nanotubes from A and DEA with 5.9 at. % N and 4.3 at. % N, respectively. Other studies 1,[5][6][7][8] have also showed the important role of nitrogen precursors on the N-CNTs structure. Nevertheless, few...

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Activity and active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

One-dimensional nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures

One-step synthesis of dual-transition metal substitution on ionic liquid based N-doped mesoporous carbon for oxygen reduction reaction

Influence of the Synthesis Parameters in Carbon Nanotubes Doped with Nitrogen for Oxygen Electroreduction

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