Non-neuronal Role of Acetylcholinesterase in Bone Development and Degeneration

Luo, Xu; Lauwers, Marianne; Layer, Paul G.; Wen, Chunyi

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.620543

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…And under the influence of the work of O. sanctum leaves were inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and then the accumulation of acetylcholine occurs, and consequently, an imbalance occurs in the pulsating system of muscle cells, causing muscle spasms of the insect. In addition to the presence of flavonoids, they affect the respiratory system, affecting the breathing process, which leads to the death of the insect [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Effects of Ocimum Sanctum on Mosquito

Anzaku¹,

Obeta²,

Mairiga³

et al. 2021

Int j pharm phytopharm res

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Leaves of Ocimum sanctum are widely grown and belong to the family Lamiaceae. Fresh Ocimum sanctum leaves were collected from some localities in Keffi Nasarawa State to evaluate their insecticidal properties on the larval, pupal, and adult stages of mosquito species. These stages were subjected to various concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0g of burnt flesh, and dry leaves of Ocimum sanctum while Rambo (synthetic mosquito repellent) served as control at a time interval of 10 minutes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Effects of Ocimum Sanctum on Mosquito

Anzaku¹,

Obeta²,

Mairiga³

et al. 2021

Int j pharm phytopharm res

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“…During osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow macrophages an upregulation of the AChE expression has been observed. Moreover, genetic knockdown of AChE via siRNA suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation 46 , 47 . These results suggest that the signaling interaction between AhR and AChE might be a potential therapeutic target for bone disease like osteoporosis and TMJ-OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nicotine, an exogenous stimulator of the cholinergic system, is also important component of cigarette smoke. Several studies reported the role of cholinergic system in the bone homeostasis in the context of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis 45 , 46 . Acetylcholine or exogenous activation via nicotine or muscarine, stimulates osteoblast proliferation and osteoclast apoptosis 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme catalyzing the degradation of acetylcholine, plays an important role in the cholinergic regulation by terminating the action of acetylcholine. It has recently been reported that the expression of AChE can also be found in non-neuronal tissues like the immune system and bone tissue 46 . After induction of bone loss in mice using RANKL, the AChE inhibitor donepezil could resucue the RANKL-induced bone loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles for B[a]P and FICZ in subchondral bone metabolism and experimental temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via the AhR/Cyp1a1 signaling axis

Yoshikawa

Izawa

Hamada

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Bone loss due to smoking represents a major risk factor for fractures and bone osteoporosis. Signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its ligands contributes to both bone homeostasis and inflammatory diseases. It remains unclear whether the same AhR signaling axis affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms which mediate bone loss in the TMJ due to smoking. In particular, whether benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogen of tobacco smoke, induces expression of the AhR target gene, Cyp1a1, in mandibular condyles. Possible functions of an endogenous ligand of FICZ, were also investigated in a TMJ-osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model. B[a]P was administered orally to wild-type and AhR−/− mice and bone metabolism was subsequently examined. TMJ-OA was induced in wild-type mice with forceful opening of the mouth. Therapeutic functions of FICZ were detected with μCT and histology. Exposure to B[a]P accelerated bone loss in the mandibular subchondral bone. This bone loss manifested with osteoclastic bone resorption and upregulated expression of Cyp1a1 in an AhR-dependent manner. In a mouse model of TMJ-OA, FICZ exhibited a dose-dependent rescue of mandibular subchondral bone loss by repressing osteoclast activity. Meanwhile, in vitro, pre-treatment with FICZ reduced RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. B[a]P regulates mandibular subchondral bone metabolism via the Cyp1a1. The AhR ligand, FICZ, can prevent TMJ-OA by regulating osteoclast differentiation.

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“…The cholinergic system is an integral part of the human beings, which also plays a significant role in metabolic activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, assimilation, and dissimilation. Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter excrete from the cytoplasm to synaptic space through synaptic vesicles ( Luo et al, 2020 ). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can be stimulated by free acetylcholine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

18F-ASEM Imaging for Evaluating Atherosclerotic Plaques Linked to α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Yang

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory procedure alongside with lipid efflux disorder and foam cell formation. α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a gated-calcium transmembrane channel widely expressed in neuron and non-neuron cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, activated T cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. 18F-ASEM is an inhibitor targeted to α7nAChR that had been successfully applied in nervous system diseases. Previous studies had highlighted that α7nAChR was related to the emergency of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with excess inflammation cells. Thus, 18F-ASEM could be a complementary diagnostic approach to atherosclerotic plaques.Materials and MethodsThe synthesis of ASEM precursor and 18F-labeling had been performed successfully. We had established the ApoE–/– mice atherosclerotic plaques model (fed with western diet) and New Zealand rabbits atherosclerotic models (balloon-sprained experiment and western diet). After damage of endothelial cells and primary plaque formation, 18F-ASEM imaging of atherosclerotic plaques linked to α7nAChR had been conducted. In vivo micro-PET/CT imaging of ApoE–/– mice and the control group was performed 1 h after injection of 18F-ASEM (100–150 μCi); PET/CT imaging for rabbits with atherosclerotic plaques and control ones was also performed. Meanwhile, we also conducted CT scan on the abdominal aorta of these rabbits. After that, the animals were sacrificed, and the carotid and abdominal aorta were separately taken out for circular sections. The paraffin-embedded specimens were sectioned with 5 μm thickness and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and oil red.ResultsIn vivo vessel binding of 18F-ASEM and α7nAChR expression in the model group with atherosclerosis plaques was significantly higher than that in the control group. PET/CT imaging successfully identified the atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE–/– mice and model rabbits, whereas no obvious signals were detected in normal mice or rabbits. Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-ASEM had more significant effect on the early monitoring of inflammation in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE–/– mice and model rabbits. 18F-ASEM had relatively more palpable effect on the imaging of abdominal aorta with atherosclerosis in rabbits. H&E and oil red staining identified the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in model animals, which provided pathological basis for the evaluation of imaging effects.ConclusionWe first confirmed 18F-ASEM as radiotracer with good imaging properties for precise identification of atherosclerotic diseases.

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Non-neuronal Role of Acetylcholinesterase in Bone Development and Degeneration

Cited by 25 publications

References 84 publications

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Effects of Ocimum Sanctum on Mosquito

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Effects of Ocimum Sanctum on Mosquito

Roles for B[a]P and FICZ in subchondral bone metabolism and experimental temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via the AhR/Cyp1a1 signaling axis

18F-ASEM Imaging for Evaluating Atherosclerotic Plaques Linked to α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

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