Leaves of Ocimum sanctum are widely grown and belong to the family Lamiaceae. Fresh Ocimum sanctum leaves were collected from some localities in Keffi Nasarawa State to evaluate their insecticidal properties on the larval, pupal, and adult stages of mosquito species. These stages were subjected to various concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0g of burnt flesh, and dry leaves of Ocimum sanctum while Rambo (synthetic mosquito repellent) served as control at a time interval of 10 minutes.
Introduction: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in 1986 and has gradually replaced the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. No published data are available on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines in Nigerians. The current study aimed to evaluate protective sero-conversion rates after vaccination with Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine in Nigerian subjects between January and September 2009. Methodology: After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤ 50 years, one month after the first, second and third doses of the vaccine. Sera were separated into cryovials and frozen at -21oC until analysed for the detection of the protective antibody titre induction. Protective antibody titre was defined as a titre of ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: Of the 376 participants, 192 (51.1%) were males and 184 (48.9%) were females. A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-dose group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females). Of the 121 participants in the second-dose group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-dose group, 100% protectively sero-converted. Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-dose schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians.
Individual acetylation phenotype detected by metabolic phenotyping tests using a number of surrogate drugs, such as isoniazid is time consuming. The aim of this work was to determine the clinical prediction of acetylator phenotype in tuberculosis patients on medicare using blood group. 150 Tuberculosis patients (102 males and 48 females) on medicare were examined using urinalysis technique for acetylator status and tile method for blood group analysis. The result of the acetylator phenotypes revealed that 46.7% were fast acetylators while 53.3% were slow acetylators. The highest frequency of fast acetylators were subjects with blood groups O+ve and A+ve. Similarly, the highest frequency of slow acetylators were observed in blood groups B+ve and O+ve. Blood groups AB-ve and B-ve formed the lowest frequency of fast acetylators while A-ve and AB-ve formed the lowest percentage of slow acetylators respectively. Analysis of the blood groups and the acetylator phenotype using Pearson’s correlation showed a significant (p < 0.01) relationship with a coefficient of 0.852; between the blood groups of M.Tb patients and the fast and slow acetylators (p < 0.05, with a coefficient of 0.76) respectively. We imply that for standard TB treatment, more treatment time be considered for subjects with blood groups that are predominantly fast acetylators (e.g., O+ve ) and close monitoring through the treatment period for predominantly slow acetylators (e.g B+ve). Further study on the serum concentration of each blood group for the drugs and molecular analysis of the blood phenotypes is advocated. reby recommended.
The dynamics of studying genetic variation in human population using phenylthiocarbamide has contributed immensely in influencing our knowledge of variations and diversity globally. The pilot study aims to screen for the taste sensitivity response status using different concentrations of a stock solution of 0.10% phenylthiocarbamide. 232 subjects were randomly recruited using a drawn questionnaire. 84.9% were tasters while 15.1 % were non-tasters. Of the 133 males, 52.3% were Tasters while 85.7% were non-Tasters. The 99 females, constituted 47.7% Tasters and 14.3% non-tasters. The Chi-Square analysis on gender was significant p-<0.000. The result of the different age range showed a decrease in the population of tasters with increase in age and a reverse among non-tasters. The phenotypic status of the age range of subjects was not significant p> 0.433. The combined allelic frequency of tasters and non - tasters was 0.61 and 0.39. Similarly, the individual allelic frequencies of male and female tasters were 0.52 and 0.78 while male and female non-tasters were 0.48 and 0.22, respectively. The pooled homozygous and heterozygous outcome for males was the same (0.50), but females were 0.66 and 0.34. The homozygous and heterozygous outcome of the combined population was 0.52 and 0.48. The highest cases of tasters were recorded at a threshold of 0.025 and 0.50 with female subjects responding most. The study provides insight to the distribution of the Phenylthiocarbamide phenotype, the heterozygous, homozygous and allelic frequencies of the population, which may serve as an index for directing dietary choice or diagnoses by health care professionals.
Aims: To assess the effect of G. kola ethanol seed extract on CCl4-induced liver toxicity in albino rats. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out. Study Design: Randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria between January and August, 2019. Methodology: Thirty male albino rats were randomly distributed into six groups of five rats each. Group 1, normal control, Group 2, standard control, groups 3–6, test groups all administered for seven days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and liver harvested for histology. Results: Results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids; 1.260±0.00 mg/dl, tannins; 920±0.00 mg/dl, flavonoids; 2.045±0.00 mg/dl, Carbohydrates; 2.00±0.00 mg/dl, Steroids; 0.012±0.00 mg/dl and Cardiac glycosides; 1.25±0.00 mg/dl, saponins, terpenes and anthroquinones were absent. AST in groups 3, 4 and 5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared to control. ALT was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in all the treatment groups (4, 5, 6) compared to the control groups (1 and 2). ALP activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the test groups compared to the normal control. Total bilirubin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treatment groups compared to the controls. Direct Bilirubin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment groups (5, 6) compared to the normal control. GSH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups compared to the control. CAT and SOD showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Photomicrographs of the liver showed ballooning degeneration with complete loss of nuclear material. Conclusion: The administered doses in this study did not protect against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in albino rats.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.