“Non‐Naked” Gold with Glucose Oxidase‐Like Activity: A Nanozyme for Tandem Catalysis

Abstract

It has been widely reported that “naked” gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) without protectors have glucose oxidase (GOx)‐like activity, and the use of protectors can inhibit the GOx‐like activity. Here, “non‐naked” Au NPs with GOx‐like activity are synthesized by using protein as protector. Although “naked” Au NPs have peroxidase‐like activity and GOx‐like activity, the optimal pH ranges of the both activities are obviously different. Fortunately, as‐synthesized “non‐naked” Au NPs show the dual enzyme‐like activities at the same pH. So, “non‐naked” Au NPs can be described as “tandem nanozyme.” As another bonus, the participation of protein protector can stabilize the GOx‐like activity and make Au NPs modifiable. Even though Au NPs are connected with graphene oxide (GO), the GOx‐like activity is still not changed. Further, Au NPs‐GO nanocomposites are applied on the one‐pot nonenzymatic glucose colorimetric detection. The “non‐naked” gold not only broadens the species of tandem nanozymes, but also facilitates the functionalization of nanozymes, which is promising for immunoassay, biosensor, and medical treatment.

Peroxidase‐Like Activity of Smart Nanomaterials and Their Advanced Application in Colorimetric Glucose Biosensors

“…The authors discovered that the “naked” Au NPs can be capable of catalytically oxidizing glucose to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide . Thus, some research groups have been designed dual enzyme‐like activities nanomaterials by combing the glucose oxidase‐like activity of AuNPs and peroxidase‐like activity of nanomaterials . Those dual enzyme‐like activities nanomaterials is described as “tandem nanozyme.” By combing the GOx‐like activity of AuNPs and peroxidase‐like activity of nanomaterials, some nonenzymatic glucose colorimetric detection systems have been successfully developed (see Table 7 ).…”

“…Those dual enzyme‐like activities nanomaterials is described as “tandem nanozyme.” By combing the GOx‐like activity of AuNPs and peroxidase‐like activity of nanomaterials, some nonenzymatic glucose colorimetric detection systems have been successfully developed (see Table 7 ). He et al reported a novel enzymatic cascade system based on Fe 3 O 4 –Au@mesoporous SiO 2 microspheres with both high GOx and peroxidase‐mimic activities in 2013 . In this “tandem nanozyme,” the high peroxidase‐mimic activity is provided by magnetic Fe 3 O 4 cores and make the tandem nanozyme system easily recyclable.…”

“…More recently, Zhang et al reported the bovine serum albumin stabilized Au NPs (Au@BSA NPs) as the “tandem nanozyme” in 2018 . GOx simulation experiment showed that Au@BSA NPs can oxidation of glucose to produce gluconic acid and H 2 O 2 by oxygen.…”

High Carbonization Temperature to Trigger Enzyme Mimicking Activities of Silk‐Derived Nanosheets

“…Among various kinds of nanozymes, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] carbon-based nanozymes attracts enormous attention due to their unique physiochemical properties, [13,14] higher operational stability, and lower cost. [15,16] Up to now, carbon-based nanozymes have shown the excellent capability of mimicking enzymelike activities.…”

Enzyme Mimic Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications

“…[2] The good stability and ease of production of these nanomaterials provide a broad prospect for their applications in biotechnology and clinical fields. Up till now, by rational design and novel synthesis methods of nanomaterials, the function of plenty of natural enzymes, such as peroxidase, [3] oxidase, [4] superoxide dismutase (SOD), [5] catalase, [6] haloperoxidases, [7] phosphatases, [8] hydrolase, [9] etc. could be mimicked by different artificial nanomaterials.…”