“…The same and/or similar halal products have a different value if non-Muslims are involved. Not a few studies examine if or not non-Muslim consumers accept halal products (Mathew, Abdullah, and Ismail, 2014;Wibowo and Ahmad, 2016;Kawata, Htay, and Syed, 2018); some existing studies check if Muslims accept halal packaged products prepared by non-Muslims (Yunus et al, 2014;Manan, Ariffin, Maknu, Ibrahim, and Jaafar, 2019); others consider halal tourisms in non-Islamic countries (Battour and Ismail, 2016;Putit, Muda, Mahmood, Ahmad Taufek, and Wahib, 2016;Han, Al-Ansi, Olya, and Kim, 2019). These existing studies imply that the same halal products may have different values because of the involvement of non-Muslims in the process.…”