“…However, the quantum-mechanical treatment of nonlinear open systems constitutes an ambitious challenge because in this case the system evolution cannot be handled analytically in an exact manner. This challenge, in principle, could be approached numerically, for example, (i) by resorting to the Floquet-Markov formalism [52], under the assumption of weak system-bath coupling; or (ii) by following the Feynmann-Vernon path integral formalism [29,37], to calculate the reduced density matrix numerically, through stochastic unraveling of the corresponding influence functional [53].…”