Non-laboratory adaptation to study spatial summation
of pain during COVID-19 pandemic

Skalski, Jacek; Nastaj, Jakub; Swoboda, Sylwia; Budzisz, Aleksandra; Zbroja, Edyta; Małecki, Andrzej; Adamczyk, Wacław M.

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0015.8786

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Contiguous SSp induced by cold stimulation was significant and robust ( d z =0.85-0.93), comparable to reports on electrical stimuli 1 , heat 22 , pressure 16 as well as other studies on noxious cold stimulation 19,20,23,41,47 . Participants immersed one segment (radial/ulnar) or the whole hand into cold water and provided overall pain ratings which were characterized by excellent reliability (ICC ≥ 0.85); pain was greater when a larger area was stimulated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For this task, participants immersed their dominant hand (or its part) in a circulating cold-water bath UTE-24BB (LaboPlay, Bytom, PL). A fixed temperature of 5°C was maintained by the electronic thermostat of the device as this temperature has been shown to produce moderate pain 25 in CPT and robust SSp 41 . Pain intensity was rated using the Verbal Rating Scale used previously 42 which ranges from 0 (no pain at all) to 100 (worst pain imaginable).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial tuning in nociceptive processing is driven by attention

Adamczyk

Katra

Szikszay

et al. 2022

Preprint

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When the source of nociception expands across a body area, the experience of pain increases due to the spatial integration of nociceptive information. This well-established effect is called spatial summation of pain (SSp) and has been the subject of multiple investigations. Here, we used cold-induced SSp to investigate the effect of attention on the spatial tuning of nociceptive processing. Forty pain-free volunteers (N=40, 20 females) participated in this experiment. They took part in an SSp paradigm based on three hand immersions into cold water: Participants either immersed the ulnar segment (a), radial segment (b) or both hand segments (a+b) and provided overall pain ratings. In some trials based on a+b immersions, they were also asked to provide divided (i.e., first pain in a then in b; or reversed) and directed attention ratings (i.e., pain only in a or b). Results confirmed a clear SSp effect in which reported pain during immersions of a or b was less intense than pain during immersions of a+b (p<0.001). Data also confirmed that spatial tuning was altered. SSp was fully abolished when participants provided two ratings in a divided fashion (p<0.001). Furthermore, pain was significantly lower when attention was directed only to one segment (a OR b) during a+b immersion (p<0.001). We conclude that spatial tuning is dynamically driven by attention as reflected in abolished SSp. Directed attention was sufficient to focus spatial tuning and abolish SSp. Results support the role of cognitive processes such as attention in spatial tuning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial tuning in nociceptive processing is driven by attention

Adamczyk

Katra

Szikszay

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To obtain the desired water temperature of approximately 5°C, 6 foil ice-cube packs were used (a total of 144 ice cubes) for each experimental condition. An electronic (±0.1□) thermometer was attached to the plastic box [23] to monitor the temperature. This non-laboratory version of the CPT was previously validated and led to comparable SSp induced via laboratory-based cold pressor with water circulation [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An electronic (±0.1□) thermometer was attached to the plastic box [23] to monitor the temperature. This non-laboratory version of the CPT was previously validated and led to comparable SSp induced via laboratory-based cold pressor with water circulation [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm

Nastaj

Skalski

Budzisz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to many restrictions affecting the research conduct. The purpose of this study was to reproduce the previously observed spatial summation of pain effect (SSp) using non-laboratory procedures and commercial equipment. An additional aim was to measure the association between expectation and SSp for the first time. The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) was used to induce SSp. Healthy participants (N=68) immersed their non-dominant hands (divided into 5 segments) into cold water (Cold Pressor Task). Two conditions were used 1) gradual hand immersion (ascending condition) and 2) gradual hand withdrawal (descending condition). Pain intensity was measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The influence of psychological factors, such as the volunteer's expectation of pain intensity, on the actual perception of pain were also measured on a VAS. Results showed significant SSp (p < 0.001), reproduced with non-laboratory equipment in a home-based set-up. Furthermore, two novel findings were observed: i) spatial summation increased with the increase in exposure to the noxious stimulus (p < 0.001), ii) there was a significant correlation between expectation and perceived pain, indicating that pain expectations can contribute to SSp. Results showed that SSp is shaped by a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms and is influenced by the sensitization of the nociceptive system. Moreover, spatial summation is influenced by expectation. This study proposes a new feasible way to induce SSp using a home-based set-up using the CPT during COVID-19.

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“…To address this problem in the context of SSp research, one of the aims for the current study was to replicate the SSp effect, adopting the methodology from the study published by Marchand & Arsenault [ 3 ]. Based on previous studies, applying the CPT paradigm using non-laboratory equipment without water circulation [ 37 , 38 ], the authors decided to additionally test if it is possible to conduct and replicate, SSp outside the laboratory setting [ 23 ]. This novel, yet adopted methodology could enable the conduction of similar replications and preliminary studies for researchers who do not have dedicated equipment for CPT in their laboratories, or it could be used in exceptional situations when conducting research in laboratories is hampered [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm

Nastaj,

Skalski,

Budzisz

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The purpose of this study was to reproduce the previously observed spatial summation of pain effect (SSp) using non-laboratory procedures and commercial equipment. An additional aim was to explore the association between expectations and SSp. The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) was used to induce SSp. Healthy participants (N = 68) immersed their non-dominant hands (divided into 5 segments) into cold water (CPT). Two conditions were used 1) gradual hand immersion (ascending condition) and 2) gradual hand withdrawal (descending condition). Pain intensity was measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological factors, such as the participants’ expectations of pain intensity were also measured on a VAS. Results showed significant SSp (χ2(4) = 116.90, p < 0.001), reproduced with non-laboratory equipment in a home-based set-up. Furthermore, two novel findings were observed: i) there was a significant correlation between expectations and perceived pain, indicating a link between pain expectations and SSp, ii) spatial summation increased with the increase in duration exposure to the noxious stimulus (Wald χ2(8) = 80.80, p < 0.001). This study suggests that SSp is associated with pain expectations and can be formed by a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms potentially driven by temporal characteristics of neural excitation. Moreover, this study proposes a new feasible way to induce SSp using a home-based set-up.

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Non-laboratory adaptation to study spatial summation of pain during COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Spatial tuning in nociceptive processing is driven by attention

Spatial tuning in nociceptive processing is driven by attention

Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm

Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm

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