Non-irradiated campherquinone induces DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts

Evaluation of cell responses toward adhesives with different photoinitiating systems

“…Thus, it appears unlikely that the effect of a CQ/EDMAB mixture in a complete material might account for the moderate differences in cytotoxicity observed with uncured complete adhesives. In spite of their low proportion in the composition of adhesives, additives such as photoinitiators are usually not bound to the resin matrix and may easily leach from the polymer [29][30][31]. Previous research already revealed that photoinitiators such as camphorquinone are cytotoxic at high concentrations, which was attributed to their reactive and radical-inducing nature [29,31,32].…”

“…In spite of their low proportion in the composition of adhesives, additives such as photoinitiators are usually not bound to the resin matrix and may easily leach from the polymer [29][30][31]. Previous research already revealed that photoinitiators such as camphorquinone are cytotoxic at high concentrations, which was attributed to their reactive and radical-inducing nature [29,31,32]. Compared to the roughly tenfold differences observed with TPO and CQ alone or in combination with EDMAB (CQ/EDMAB), extracts of the unpolymerized SBU-TPO d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s x x x ( 2 0 1 5 ) xxx-xxx were only about 1.3-fold more effective than SBU-CQ based on EC 50 values calculated from dose-response curves after a 24 h exposure period.…”

“…Beside resin monomers, camphorquinone has been shown to rapidly activate the oxidative stress pathway, even without irradiation [29,33]. We therefore also assessed the extent of oxidative stress in the cytotoxic response of the tHPC cells.…”

Genotoxic effects of camphorquinone and DMT on human oral and intestinal cells

“…It was documented that irradiated CQ and other photoinitiators can significantly increase ROS concentrations in various human cell types, which is associated with an enhanced toxicity [10,11]. However, a marked increase of ROS was also caused by CQ without light irradiation [12,13]. Intracellularly, elevated levels of ROS may result in alterations or damage of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, which finally will cause cellular dysfunction [14,15].…”

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…Finally, camphorquinone increased DNA damage in primary human gingival fibroblasts at all concentrations as a result of intracellular oxidative stress and subsequent down-regulation of glutathione level (52,53).…”