Non-Invasive Real-Time Monitoring of Glucose Level Using Novel Microwave Biosensor Based on Triple-Pole CSRR

Omer, Ala Eldin; Shaker, George; Safavi‐Naeini, Safieddin; Alquié, G.; Deshours, Frédérique; Kokabi, Hamid; Shubair, Raed M.

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2020.3038589

Cited by 97 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although the fringe field can be used to monitor changes in the biosignals [10]- [12], it has a low sensitivity in comparison with that of the main field; and hence, the main field is preferred for monitoring of biosignals [13]. Recently, many wired active resonator-based biosensors have been designed to confine the electric fields between resonator lines in a specific region with high potential difference, by using devices, such as an interdigital capacitor [14]- [16] or a split ring resonator [17]- [20], provided the biological tissues are dropped in that specific region. Thus, to facilitate the use of these biosensors in wearable applications, the biosignals interact with the fringe fields, while the main field is located between the resonator lines.…”

Section: Glucose Sensing Permittivity Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless and Battery-free Biosensor Based on Parallel Resonators for Monitoring a Wide Range of Biosignals

Hassan¹

2022

Preprint

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This paper proposes a novel wireless, battery-free, and label-free biosensor for minimally invasive and non-invasive permittivity sensing for applications such as detecting glucose levels in the interstitial dermal fluid. The miniaturized, fully passive sensor is based on two symmetric parallel 0.8 mm 3 LC (inductor-capacitor) resonators. Each inductor is integrated with a conductive plate at one of its terminals. The passive sensor's main field is dominant outside the resonators, creating an effective capacitance outside the sensor, unlike reported in previous studies where the effective capacitance was limited to between the resonator lines. The proposed sensor was further analyzed under two different scenarios to change the region of effective capacitance and test its suitability for pressure monitoring, such as wound monitoring; first, by repositioning one of the two resonators, and second, by replacing one of the resonators with a conductive plate. The experimental results confirmed the proposed passive sensor's performance in detecting the glucose concentration in an aqueous solution with a sensitivity of 500 and 46 kHz/(mg/dL) for minimal invasive and non-invasive monitoring, respectively, within the glucose range of 0-500 mg/dL with volume sample requirements as low as 60 µL. Further, by repositioning one of the resonators, the effective capacitance lies inside the passive sensor, making it suitable for wound monitoring. The results indicated that the resonance shift can be made fairly linear with respect to the variation in the separation between the resonators with a sensitivity of 2.5×10 3 MHz/mm within the separation range of 0.2-0.5 mm, considering separation as the main factor to sense the pressure or healing of the wound.

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Section: Glucose Sensing Permittivity Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless and Battery-free Biosensor Based on Parallel Resonators for Monitoring a Wide Range of Biosignals

Hassan¹

2022

Preprint

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“…Patch resonators [85], microstrip line-based resonators [86,87] or closed-loop rings [88] were also studied for glucose sensing. Notwithstanding these approaches, the most studied planar resonant solution has been the split-ring resonator (SRR)-also referred to as Open-Loop Resonator (OLR)-with a wide variety of configurations (e.g., [40,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95]). Sensors based on SRR have been used for measurement of aqueous solutions [94,96,97], biological solutions [31,98] and measurements in human volunteers [39,[99][100][101].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Planar Resonant Solutions for Glucose Concentration Sensing: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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The measurement of glucose concentration finds interesting potential applications in both industry and biomedical contexts. Among the proposed solutions, the use of microwave planar resonant sensors has led to remarkable scientific activity during the last years. These sensors rely on the changes in the dielectric properties of the medium due to variations in the glucose concentration. These devices show electrical responses dependent on the surrounding dielectric properties, and therefore the changes in their response can be related to variations in the glucose content. This work shows an up-to-date review of this sensing approach after more than one decade of research and development. The attempts involved are sorted by the sensing parameter, and the computation of a common relative sensitivity to glucose is proposed as general comparison tool. The manuscript also discusses the key points of each sensor category and the possible future lines and challenges of the sensing approach.

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“…The blood as the sample under test (SUT) is placed on the structure’s position where a high electric field is observed to get the highest interaction of SUT and radiated field. In this way, the indirect characterisation is carried out for dielectric changes in the SUT by observing changes in resonance [ 14 ]. Subsequently, blood properties can be estimated from changes in resonance and/or phase experienced by the metamaterial resonant circuit in response to the SUT loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose level detection using millimetre-wave metamaterial-inspired resonator

et al. 2022

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Millimetre-wave frequencies are promising for sensitive detection of glucose levels in the blood, where the temperature effect is insignificant. All these features provide the feasibility of continuous, portable, and accurate monitoring of glucose levels. This paper presents a metamaterial-inspired resonator comprising five split-rings to detect glucose levels at 24.9 GHz. The plexiglass case containing blood is modelled on the sensor’s surface and the structure is simulated for the glucose levels in blood from 50 mg/dl to 120 mg/dl. The novelty of the sensor is demonstrated by the capability to sense the normal glucose levels at millimetre-wave frequencies. The dielectric characteristics of the blood are modelled by using the Debye parameters. The proposed design can detect small changes in the dielectric properties of blood caused by varying glucose levels. The variation in the transmission coefficient for each glucose level tested in this study is determined by the quality factor and resonant frequency. The sensor presented can detect the change in the quality factor of transmission response up to 2.71/mg/dl. The sensor’s performance has also been tested to detect diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. The sensor showed a linear shift in resonant frequency with the change in glucose levels, and an R2 of 0.9976 was obtained by applying regression analysis. Thus, the sensor can be used to monitor glucose in a normal range as well as at extreme levels.

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Non-Invasive Real-Time Monitoring of Glucose Level Using Novel Microwave Biosensor Based on Triple-Pole CSRR

Cited by 97 publications

References 35 publications

A Wireless and Battery-free Biosensor Based on Parallel Resonators for Monitoring a Wide Range of Biosignals

A Wireless and Battery-free Biosensor Based on Parallel Resonators for Monitoring a Wide Range of Biosignals

Microwave Planar Resonant Solutions for Glucose Concentration Sensing: A Systematic Review

Glucose level detection using millimetre-wave metamaterial-inspired resonator

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