Non-invasive mouthguard biosensor for continuous salivary monitoring of metabolites

Abstract

The present work describes the first example of a wearable salivary metabolite biosensor based on the integration of a printable enzymatic electrode on a mouthguard. The new mouthguard enzymatic biosensor, based on an immobilized lactate oxidase and a low potential detection of the peroxide product, exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity and stability using whole human saliva samples. Such non-invasive mouthguard metabolite biosensors could tender useful real-time information regarding a wearer's health, performance and stress level, and thus hold considerable promise for diverse biomedical and fitness applications.

Development of a disposable biosensor for lactate monitoring in saliva

“…Another great advantage is the specificity of the immobilized enzyme and the selectivity of the electrochemical transducer, which make the probe suitable for measurements in biological fluids. Numerous amperometric lactate biosensors, based on screen-printing and in which Lactate Dehydrogenases (LDH) or Lactate Oxidases (LOx) were immobilized on their surfaces, have been previously reported [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. This technology has been successfully employed for the fabrication of electrodes in the last decade, allowing mass production of disposable low-cost sensors.…”

Blood, sweat, and tears: developing clinically relevant protein biosensors for integrated body fluid analysis

“…1C). 74 Since salivary lactate concentrations correspond well to blood lactate levels, the former is of interest in fitness monitoring.…”

“…H1N1). 72 74 is a novel collection device with the potential to convert the current trend of passive, end-point saliva sampling into a minimally-invasive continuous monitoring system (Fig. 1C).…”

Desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos e colorimétricos para aplicações em amostras de interesse forense

“…A membrana de polifenilenodiamina (OPD) é bem conhecida por sua capacidade de rejeitar espécies eletroativas e prevenir a bio-passivação eletródica [179]. Além disso, um transdutor contendo azul da Prússia oferece detecção catódica seletiva para o peróxido de hidrogênio produzido pela reação enzimática do UA [198].…”

“…Recentemente, o grupo dos professores D. Diamont e J. Wang têm publicado trabalhos utilizando eletrodos screen-printed para construção de sensores potenciométricos e amperométricos para monitoramento de pH e alguns metabólitos [178,179]. Apesar destes avanços recentes, o desempenho de biossensores portáteis para o monitoramento em tempo real dos marcadores químicos é limitado pelo pequeno número de analitos alvo demonstrados e a falta de transmissão de dados sem fio integrado as plataformas de medição [180].…”