Non‐invasive monitoring of muscle blood perfusion by photoplethysmography: evaluation of a new application

Abstract

The results of this study indicate the potentiality of the method for non-invasive measurement of local muscle perfusion, although some considerations still have to be accounted for, such as influence of temperature on blood perfusion.

Calf muscle perfusion at peak exercise in peripheral arterial disease: Measurement by first‐pass contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

“…A variety of noninvasive techniques have been employed for the direct assessment of human skeletal muscle blood flow including Doppler ultrasound (3,17,18), scintigraphy (19,20), and plethysmography (21)(22)(23). The most widely accepted clinical standard for noninvasively measuring limb perfusion is venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography.…”

Peripheral Arterial Disease Assessment

“…[44][45][46] The most widely accepted clinical standard for noninvasively measuring limb perfusion is venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography. Aside from its inability to provide spatial localization of flow, plethysmography may underestimate perfusion and can be sensitive to changes in both body position and temperature.…”

Laser-Doppler Flowmetry

“…The study also shows that prolonged exposure to the light source of a PPG will lead to a rise in the local tissue temperature and thereby affect the blood flow. [8] Studies regarding the influence on blood flow at different depths due to alternation of the tissue temperature have been conducted using laser Doppler perfusion monitoring and the result of that study is that the differences are of a rather minor character. [9] A major factor in the development of a system capable of measuring blood flow in tissue in contact with for example a mattress is to minimise the influence of the sensor system.…”