Non-Helmeted Motorcyclists: A Burden to Society? A Study Using the National Trauma Data Bank

Hundley, Jonathan C.; Kilgo, Patrick D.; Miller, Preston R.; Chang, Michael; Hensberry, Rebecca A.; Meredith, J. Wayne; Hoth, J. Jason

doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000149497.20065.f4

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…It was reported that none of the patients who used safety helmet died in hospital compared to 3% of those who had not worn helmet or seat-belt. Higher hospital charges and longer length of hospitalization were reported due to not using safety facilities (27)(28)(29)(30). Seatbelt legislation was passed in Iran in 2005 and Soori et al (4), showed that mandatory seatbelt legislation reduced the number of RTIs in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Review

Behzadnia¹,

Shahmohammadi²

2016

J Pediatr Rev

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Context: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of death and globally kill 1.2 million people every year and leave 20 -50 million people injured and disabled. In Iran, traffic related fatalities are the leading cause of death among all inadvertent fatal injuries imposed on children under five. Herein, authors review the epidemiological studies performed on vehicle accidents among Iranian children and adolescents to improve the knowledge about these preventable events. Evidence Acquisition: International databases including PubMed, Google scholar, science direct Cochrane library, and national data bases such as scientific information database (SID) were searched for terms; children, motor vehicle accident, road traffic injuries, Iran 2000 -2015. Publication in Persian or English language related to the subject including Iranian children and adolescent's age groups were included. Among the 312 articles, 11 (two abstracts and nine full texts) were selected. Nine full texts were reviewed. Results: From 22865 victims, about 3578 children and adolescents under 19 years old were identified. Males were more affected than females. Pedestrian injury with 43.66% was the most common case of road traffic injuries. Head trauma was the most common cause of injuries reported by eight of the reviewed articles. Most of the accidents occurred between 1:00 -6:00 PM. Most of RTIs occurred in summer. Care by emergency medical services (EMS) (29.14%) was reported by five out of the nine reviewed article. Conclusions: Most of the road traffic injuries among Iranian children and adolescents are preventable using appropriate preventive strategies such as safety facilities, safe vehicles, and safe traffic behavior, and establishing comprehensive public education programs for older children and their parents. ContextRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are major causes of death and disability in adolescents and young adults worldwide. Globally, RTIs kill 1.2 million people every year and lead to 20 -50 million people injured and disabled. According to the report of united nations international children's emergency fund (UNICEF), road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the second leading cause of death for young people aged 5 -25 years. Based on this report, among all unintentional fatal injuries imposed on Iranian children under five, RTI fatalities are the leading cause of death (1, 2). Causes of RTIs are multi factorial including people, vehicle and road environmental factors. According to the reports of some studies, human factors have the most important effect on RTIs. Other influencing factors include driver behavior, speed, and violation of traffic regulations, poor driving skills, decentralization, fatigue and physical disabilities (3, 4). RTIs also impact on the economy of the developing countries. The costs of RTIs, among all external causes of morbidity and mortality, represent one of the highest financial burdens to health care systems of the developing countries including Iran (2, 5). It is estimated that traffic fataliti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Review

Behzadnia¹,

Shahmohammadi²

2016

J Pediatr Rev

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“…Other situations from gun control to motorcycle helmet laws also exemplify this principle; in the case of the latter, helmet laws in many locations have been repealed following protests by riders who argue that to take away this freedom represents an infringement of personal rights. Overlooked, however, are statistics on the astounding cost to local society that a single head-trauma patient causes (requiring a recovery time of months or even years) following a motorcycle crash (Hundley et al, 2004). Now consider another aspect of a motorcycle-or for this matter, car, bus, truck, coal-fired power plant, or any greenhouse emitting activity.…”

Section: Introduction: the Public Health Context: Individual Rights Vmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climate Change and Global Health: Quantifying a Growing Ethical Crisis

Patz

Gibbs²,

Foley³

et al. 2007

EcoHealth

230

148

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Climate change, as an environmental hazard operating at the global scale, poses a unique and ''involuntary exposure'' to many societies, and therefore represents possibly the largest health inequity of our time. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), regions or populations already experiencing the most increase in diseases attributable to temperature rise in the past 30 years ironically contain those populations least responsible for causing greenhouse gas warming of the planet. Average global carbon emissions approximate one metric ton per year (tC/yr) per person. In 2004, United States per capita emissions neared 6 tC/yr (with Canada and Australia not far behind), and Japan and Western European countries range from 2 to 5 tC/yr per capita. Yet developing countries' per capita emissions approximate 0.6 tC/yr, and more than 50 countries are below 0.2 tC/yr (or 30-fold less than an average American). This imbalance between populations suffering from an increase in climate-sensitive diseases versus those nations producing greenhouse gases that cause global warming can be quantified using a ''natural debt'' index, which is the cumulative depleted CO 2 emissions per capita. This is a better representation of the responsibility for current warming than a single year's emissions. By this measure, for example, the relative responsibilities of the U.S. in relation to those of India or China is nearly double that using an index of current emissions, although it does not greatly change the relationship between India and China. Rich countries like the U.S. have caused much more of today's warming than poor ones, which have not been emitting at significant levels for many years yet, no matter what current emissions indicate. Along with taking necessary measures to reduce the extent of global warming and the associated impacts, society also needs to pursue equitable solutions that first protect the most vulnerable pop-

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“…Çalışmamızda motosiklet kazalarında alkollü motor kullanma oranı %27.52 iken, kas iskelet sistemi yaralanması olan motosiklet kazalarında bu oran %32.7 idi. Bu oran Stutts [5] ve Hundley'in [23] çalışmasında %2-4 arasında olduğu görülmektedir. Bölgemizdeki alkol tüketiminin yüksek olmasının, alkol nedenli kazaların ve yaralanmaların oranını ve şiddetini arttırdığı düşünülmektedir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Musculoskeletal System Injuries Due to Motorcycle Accidents In The City of Aksaray

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY ObjectivesAn increase in motorcycle accidents and injuries has been observed in recent years due to the rising number of motorcyclists. The purpose of our study was to evaluate musculoskeletal system injuries due to motorcycle accidents. Methods The files of 189 patients who presented at the Aksaray ÖZET AmaçSon yıllarda motosiklet kullanımının artmasıyla birlikte motosiklete bağlı kazalar ve bu kazalara bağlı gelişen sakatlıklar ve ölüm oranlarında artış gözlenmektedir. Çalışmamızda motosikletin yaygın olarak kullanıldığı Aksaray ilinde motosiklet kazalarına bağlı kas iskelet sistemi yaralanmalarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve YöntemAksaray Devlet Hastanesi Acil Servisi'ne başvuran motosiklet kazalarına bağlı yaralanması saptanan 189 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet ve travmaları kaydedildi. Kas iskelet sistemi yaralanması saptanan olgular travmanın yerleşim yerine göre gruplandırıldı, gelişen morbitide ve mortalite değerlendirildi. BulgularHastaların (n=189) 168'i erkek (%89.9), 21'i (%11.1) kadındı. Hastaların 147'sinde (%77.8) kas iskelet sistemi yaralanması mevcuttu. Hastaların birden çok ekstremite ve izole ekstremite yaralanması sırasıyla 26 (%17.69) ve 70 (%47.62) idi. 51'inde (%34.69) sadece yumuşak doku travması saptandı. Kırık ve çıkıkların dağılımı şu şekildeydi: 74 (%54.81) alt ekstremite, 48 (%35.56) üst ekstremite, 9 (%6.67) pelvis, 4 adet (%2.96) vertebraydı. Ekstremite yaralanmalarında sıklık sırasına göre; femur (%27.41) ve tibiayı (%19.26), el ve el bileği (%9.63) yaralanmaları izlemekteydi. Çoklu organ yaralanması olan 7 hasta hayatını kaybetti ve kas iskelet sistemi yaralanması olan 22 hastada ekstremitenin fonksiyonunu kaybetmesinden dolayı kalıcı sakatlık gelişti. Komplikasyon olarak 2 hastada pulmoner emboli, 1 hastada osteomiyelit saptandı. Yaralanmaların en sık temmuz ayında saat 23:00-03:00 ve 04:00-07:00 arasında olduğu görüldü. Kayıtlarda hastaların 48'inin (%32.70) alkollü olduğu saptandı. SonuçMotosiklet kazasına bağlı gelişen kas iskelet sistemi yaralanmaları yaşam boyu devam eden sakatlıklara ve ölümlere neden olabilmektedir. Bu konuda toplumsal bilinç arttırılmalı, motosiklet kullanımı konusunda eğitim programları daha etkin ve yaygın hale getirilmelidir.Anahtar sözcükler: Kalıcı sakatlık; kas iskelet sistemi yaralanmaları; mortalite; motosiklet kazaları.

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Non-Helmeted Motorcyclists: A Burden to Society? A Study Using the National Trauma Data Bank

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Review

Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Review

Climate Change and Global Health: Quantifying a Growing Ethical Crisis

Musculoskeletal System Injuries Due to Motorcycle Accidents In The City of Aksaray

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