Non-flickering 100 m RGB visible light communication transmission based on a CMOS image sensor

Chow, Chi‐Wai; Shiu, Ruei Jie; Liu, Yen Chun; Liu, Yang; Yeh, Chien Hung

doi:10.1364/oe.26.007079

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Shot noise is caused by the quantum nature of charged particles [11]. Because the number of charged particles is not constant when they are emitted or traverses the barrier, but fluctuates around the average value [12]. The fluctuation of this quantum number coincides with the probability of the Poisson distribution, which causes the fluctuation of the instantaneous current value to constitute noise.…”

Section: B Noise Characteristics Of Photodetector Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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CMOS image sensor is a rapidly developing image sensor product in the past decade. Relying on the advantages of process compatibility with standard CMOS process, CMOS image sensor integrates analog photoelectric photosensitive circuit and digital signal processing circuit to become a small and powerful system on chip. This article mainly studies the explosive growth of image sensors in smart government technology and economic scale. The main purpose of this article is to study the technical application of image sensors, reduce the administrative cost of social governance, improve the level of government governance, benefit the public, and realize the requirements of smart government affairs and rapid economic development of the city. This study tested the static performance of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit by inputting a limited number of sampling points, and its integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity were both less than 1LSB. The bandgap reference circuit provides a reference level for the entire system. It uses two PNP-type bipolar transistors parasitic in the CMOS process to achieve a temperature and voltage-independent bandgap reference voltage through the feedback of the operational amplifier. It is ideal for use In the case of resistance simulation, its accuracy reaches 16.6ppm. The scanning method of the pixel array uses multi-sampling technology to increase the dynamic range of the sensor by N 2 times. The correlated sub-sampling technology eliminates the fixed pattern noise between pixel units. The use of pipelined analog-to-digital converters can achieve good resolution, speed and area compromise.Through the realization and simulation of transistor-level circuits, the performance of each part of the system meets the requirements of design and application.

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Section: B Noise Characteristics Of Photodetector Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…It should be noted that the RS-based OCC has more limited transmission distance compared with the RoI-S, due to the dependence on the requirement that the TX needs to be captured by whole pixel rows [83]. The transmission data rate can be increased using a 2D LED array (i.e., spatial division multiplexing) [56].…”

Section: Rolling-shutter-based Occmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges

et al. 2020

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Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC, optical camera communications (OCC) have become very attractive, considering recent developments in cameras and the use of fitted cameras in smart devices. OCC together with visible light communications (VLC) is considered within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. OCCs based on both organic and inorganic light sources as well as cameras are being considered for low-rate transmissions and localization in indoor as well as outdoor short-range applications and within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization together with VLC. This paper introduces the underlying principles of OCC and gives a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology with recent standardization activities in OCC. It also outlines the key technical issues such as mobility, coverage, interference, performance enhancement, etc. Future research directions and open issues are also presented.

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“…This is the mechanism of the CMOS sensor we learned of from Refs. [18][19][20], which is called the rolling shutter mechanism. The rolling shutter mechanism of CMOS sensors is illustrated in Figure 1b.…”

Section: Rolling Shutter Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Barcode Detection and Recognition Method Based on Visible Light Communication Using Machine Learning

Guan

2018

Applied Sciences

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Visible light communication (VLC) has developed rapidly in recent years. VLC has the advantages of high confidentiality, low cost, etc. It could be an effective way to connect online to offline (O2O). In this paper, an RGB-LED-ID detection and recognition method based on VLC using machine learning is proposed. Different from traditional encoding and decoding VLC, we develop a new VLC system with a form of modulation and recognition. We create different features for different LEDs to make it an Optical Barcode (OBC) based on a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) senor and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) method. The features are extracted using image processing and then support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are introduced into the scheme, which are employed as a classifier. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide a huge number of unique LED-IDs with a high LED-ID recognition rate and its performance in dark and distant conditions is significantly better than traditional Quick Response (QR) codes. This is the first time the VLC is used in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and it is an innovative application of RGB-LED to create features. Furthermore, with the development of camera technology, the number of unique LED-IDs and the maximum identifiable distance would increase. Therefore, this scheme can be used as an effective complement to QR codes in the future.

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Non-flickering 100 m RGB visible light communication transmission based on a CMOS image sensor

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Explosive Growth of Image Sensors in Smart Government Technology and Economic Scale

Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges

The Optical Barcode Detection and Recognition Method Based on Visible Light Communication Using Machine Learning

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