“…Distinguishing EDs and NEDs is pivotal because EDs are involved in the day-to-day operational management of the company while NEDs monitor and oversee EDs (Liew, Ko, Song & Murthy, 2022). It therefore follows that the role of NEDs is part-time in nature with a less intense workload than EDs (Boivie, Bednar & Barker, 2015;García-Ramos & Díaz Díaz, 2020). NEDs do not only reconcile differences when there are disputes between EDs and other stakeholders, but they have the power to recruit and dismiss EDs (Bencomo, 2021;Janes & Harvey, 2022).…”