Non-Electoral Political Representation: Expanding Discursive Domains

O corpo como fonte de autoridade na representação política não eleitoral: Um estudo sobre a presença de surdos sinalizantes em discussões relacionadas à educação

“…Para realizar a análise adotamos uma perspectiva sistêmica (Maia, 2012;Almeida & Cunha, 2016;Saward, 2010: 163) no sentido de apreender a representação como processo e não como resultado, tentando identificar uma dinâmica ininterrupta, com temporalidades e espaços não restritos ao modelo eleitoral. Examinamos como a discursividade se conecta a três arenas distintas, com formas peculiares de comunicação, diferentes designs e constrangimentos próprios e, ainda, com distintas funções.…”

“…Para os sujeitos em desvantagem, a representação política não eleitoral pode ser importante, pois funciona como intermediária entre sujeitos em desvantagem, a sociedade civil, a esfera pública e os âmbitos governamentais (Saward, 2010;Urbinati & Warren, 2008;Urbinati, 2006;Maia, 2012). Demandas outrora invisibilizadas podem ter a oportunidade de ganhar expressão e ainda conectar formas plurais de associação dentro da sociedade civil (Urbinati & Warren;.…”

Who's in and who's out? Inclusion and exclusion in Canterbury's freshwater governance

“…The concept of representation provides a versatile analytical frame through which to examine patterns of inclusiveness, both in relation to input and output legitimacy. Representation has gone through a 'renaissance' over the past decade within democratic theory, which has broadened and enriched the concept (Hendriks 2009;Maia 2012). Representation has been redefined as a dynamic process of claim making and of agency on the part of both the representative and the represented (Saward 2006).…”

“…Representation has been redefined as a dynamic process of claim making and of agency on the part of both the representative and the represented (Saward 2006). At the same time, the redefinition of representation has extended the concept to processes that occur both within and outside of electoral systems, which has significantly widened the lens through which representation can be examined (Saward 2009;Hendriks 2009;Maia 2012). Representative claims -intentional or otherwise -matter because it determines the perspectives, world views and experiences that are brought into the decision making process (Young 2000;Hendriks 2008).…”

“…It is worth noting, however, that these common patterns of inclusiveness do not make the legitimacy of the representative claims identical. The legitimacy of representation is grounded not only in inclusiveness, but also in meaningful practices of authorisation and accountability to verify and validate claims (Phillips 1995;Castree & MacMillan 2004;Maia 2012).Authorisation and accountability formed the primary point of difference between the councillors and the commissioners, not claims of inclusion. Although it is outside of the scope of this article, a full account of legitimacy must include both of these facets.…”