Non-destructive micro-analytical system for the study of the manufacturing processes of a group of gold jewels from “El Carambolo” treasure

Scrivano, S.; Ortega-Feliú, I.; Gómez-Tubío, B.; Ager, F.J.; Bandera, M. L. de la; Respaldiza, M.Á.; Salamanca, María Angeles Ontalba

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.08.008

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unlike the results obtained in this analysis, some works have reported examples of joining with gold enrichment and a simultaneous decrease in copper and silver. This process, rare in archaeological samples, has been denominated by some authors local fusion or fusion welding , and they indicated that the same procedure as the autogenous welding has been employed but with different results.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…Considering our results and those found in Scrivano et al , we suggest that the union found in Demortier, the so‐called local fusion, and the fusion welding found in Scrivano et al were achieved using joining methods other than those presented in this work and apparently not reported in the ancient literary sources. The decrease in Ag and Cu in the joint found in some archaeological objects probably involves an induced chemical reaction that selectively oxidized the less noble metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the scientific results obtained from the study of a wide variety of gold objects [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have recently provided important information about manufacturing techniques, there are yet many unexplored aspects about the joining processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

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This work arises in response to the need to understand the production techniques of pre-roman gold jewels, starting from the systematic characterization of the different methods of metal joining used in antiquity to produce these objects.To meet this requirement, different procedures used in antiquity were reproduced by means of experimental archaeology. These models correspond to three metal-joining methods reported by ancient recipes: solid-state diffusion with copper salt, brazing and autogenous welding. These techniques were studied by different analytical methods in order to characterize them at both compositional and microstructural level (SEM-EDS, metallography, μ-XRF and μ-PIXE). The results obtained show that the solid-state diffusion bonding with copper salt presents a crystal hexagonal structure without phase changes in the joining point, where only a variation in the grain size is observed. At the compositional level, this soldering method is characterized by a local increase in copper concentration and a small decrease in gold content. In contrast, brazing shows a dendritic-porous structure due to the superposition of the soldering alloy and the crystal structure of the original foils. Besides, the compositional analysis revealed an increment of silver and copper concentrations and a simultaneous reduction of gold concentration. Finally, in the autogenous welding, no changes at the microstructural and compositional levels were observed.The results obtained have also demonstrated the usefulness of a portable μ-XRF system for the in-situ characterization of ancient jewels.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

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“…Finally, it is important to observe that the large majority of the gold artifacts from MArTA are composed of a very high gold concentration, that is, Au = 95–99% wt, Ag = 0.2–2.5% wt, Cu = 0.1–0.4% wt. This is quite peculiar, because it was never observed in other ancient cultures jewelry such as Etruscan, Greek, Roman, and pre‐Columbian, where the silver content is generally between 15% and 35% wt, and the copper content is generally lower than 5% wt …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

EDXRF analysis of gold jewelry from the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy

et al. 2017

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Forty-six ancient gold jewelry, known as 'Ori di Taranto' and dated in Hellenistic period (VII-VI century BC), were found in Taranto (Southern Italy) and, nowadays, are exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum.These artifacts have never been analyzed, few information are reported in the bibliography, and nothing is known about their chemical composition.The aim of our work is to determine the chemical composition of the alloy and of eventual decorations present on the objects by using non-destructive, non-invasive, and in situ analysis. In particular, the samples were studied by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence.Most of the analyzed samples show approximately same composition of the alloy (gold, silver, and copper, respectively equal to 96.3 ± 2.0% wt, 2.8 ± 1.9% wt, and 0.9 ± 0.3% wt) except nine samples.Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out in order to identify possible correlations and/or differences of alloy composition among the analyzed samples. Experimental results obtained could be compared with other jewelry of the same historical period, and therefore, this study can help to understand the type of processing of gold jewelry in the Hellenistic period.

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“…Separate groups of scientists conducted a study into gold jewelry from VIII-VI centuries BC from treasures found at the territory of Italy [6], Spain [7], Cyprus [8], as well as Egyptian ornaments of XIX-XIII centuries BC [9]. They paid special attention to studying the chemical composition of small elements of gold jewelry and their attachment areas to establish the method for manufacturing these objects.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the authenticity of the golden element from a mongolian warrior's armor by physicalchemical methods

Indutnyi

Merezhko

Pirkovich

2019

EEJET

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Non-destructive micro-analytical system for the study of the manufacturing processes of a group of gold jewels from “El Carambolo” treasure

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

EDXRF analysis of gold jewelry from the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy

Studying the authenticity of the golden element from a mongolian warrior's armor by physicalchemical methods

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Non-destructive micro-analytical system for the study of the manufacturing processes of a group of gold jewels from “El Carambolo” treasure

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects

EDXRF analysis of gold jewelry from the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy

Studying the authenticity of the golden element from a mongolian warrior's armor by physical­chemical methods

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Studying the authenticity of the golden element from a mongolian warrior's armor by physicalchemical methods