Non-consumptive effects of predator presence on copepod reproduction: insights from a mesocosm experiment

Heuschele, Jan; Ceballos, Sara; Borg, Christian Marc Andersen; Bjærke, Oda; Isari, Stamatina; Lasley-Rasher, Rachel; Lindehoff, Elin; Souissi, Anissa; Souissi, Sami; Titelman, Josefin

doi:10.1007/s00227-014-2449-z

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Across ecosystems it has been demonstrated that, in the presence of predator cues, a consumer may modify its foraging behaviour to one that is less risk-prone, but less efficient in terms of feeding [8,23,[38][39][40]. As a consequence, the mere presence of predators can have an indirect top-down impact on food web dynamics, or 'top-down' BMII complimentary to direct, density-dependent effects on trophic interactions [3,6,[41][42][43][44][45]. Also for various zooplankton, both laboratory and in situ studies have shown that the presence of predators can directly influence behaviour [46][47][48][49][50] and grazing intensity [42,51], potentially leading to strong indirect top-down effects in the marine food web.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up behaviourally mediated trophic cascades in plankton food webs

2019

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Our traditional view of the interactions between marine organisms is conceptualized as food webs where species interact with one another mainly via direct consumption. However, recent research suggests that understudied non-consumptive interactions, such as behaviourally mediated indirect interactions (BMIIs), can influence marine ecosystems as much as consumptive effects. Here, we show, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence and quantification of bottom-up BMIIs in plankton food webs. We used observational, modelling and experimental approaches to investigate how behavioural responses to resource availability influence predation mortality on grazers with different foraging strategies (ambushing versus active foraging). A three-level food chain was used: phytoplankton as resource, copepod nauplii as grazers of phytoplankton and a large copepod as a predator. Ambushers showed little change in foraging activity with resource availability, whereas active foragers decreased their foraging activity with increasing resources, which led to a decrease (24-50%) in predation mortality. Therefore, an increase in resources ('initiator') causes behavioural changes in active grazers ('transmitter'), which ultimately negatively affects predator ('receiver') consumption rates. Consequently, increase in resource abundance may result in decreasing energy transfer to higher trophic levels. These results indicate that behaviourally mediated interactions drive marine food web dynamics differently from that predicted by only density-mediated or consumptive interactions. declare relating to this manuscript.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up behaviourally mediated trophic cascades in plankton food webs

2019

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“…the copepods (Saiz and Calbet 2011). Until now, however, no experimental evidence confirms this plausible hypothesis, although in copepods such behavioural mechanisms have been reported (Saiz et al 1993;Heuschele et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diel feeding rhythms in marine microzooplankton: effects of prey concentration, prey condition, and grazer nutritional history

2017

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In this study we aim at disentangling the causes and consequences of diel feeding rhythms in marine microzooplankton. We focused on the diel feeding activity of two heterotrophic dinoflagellate species, Gyrodinium dominans (one laboratory strain) and Oxyrrhis marina (laboratory cultivated and wild strains). We observed higher ingestion during the day in both dinoflagellate species. Feeding rhythms appeared to be independent of circadian changes in prey biochemical composition. Grazers fed with prey under stationary phase, with equivalent stoichiometric composition between day and night, showed 5 (G. dominans) and 10 (O. marina) times higher ingestion rates during the day. Previous grazer feeding history (starved vs well-fed) did not affect the feeding rhythm. However, prey concentration altered the rhythm; food limiting conditions reduced the amplitude of the rhythms. Our results establish a resource dependence of diel periodicity in microzooplankton grazing, which can have unanticipated consequences for standard field dilution grazing experiments.

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“…, Heuschele et al. ). One of the most common ways for an organism to turn a potentially lethal threat into a nonlethal one is by moving away from the threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such escapes from death generally come with a cost both in energy and of missed opportunities for feeding or reproduction. With respect to predator-prey interactions, such nonconsumptive effects (NCE) from a predator may strongly affect not only the individual organism, but also population dynamics and community composition (Peacor et al 2012, Heuschele et al 2014. One of the most common ways for an organism to turn a potentially lethal threat into a nonlethal one is by moving away from the threat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa

Hansson

Bianco

Ekvall

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Abstract.Most animals, including aquatic crustacean zooplankton, perform strong avoidance movements when exposed to a threat, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We here show that the genera Daphnia and Bosmina instantly adjust their vertical position in the water in accordance with the present UVR threat, i.e., seek refuge in deeper waters, whereas other taxa show less response to the threat. Moreover, Daphnia repeatedly respond to UVR pulses, suggesting that they spend more energy on movement than more stationary taxa, for example, during days with fluctuating cloud cover, illustrating nonlethal effects in avoiding UVR threat. Accordingly, we also show that the taxa with the most contrasting behavioral responses differ considerably in photoprotection, suggesting different morphological and behavioral strategies in handling the UVR threat. In a broader context, our studies on individual and taxa specific responses to UVR provide insights into observed spatial and temporal distribution in natural ecosystems.

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Non-consumptive effects of predator presence on copepod reproduction: insights from a mesocosm experiment

Cited by 17 publications

References 72 publications

Bottom-up behaviourally mediated trophic cascades in plankton food webs

Bottom-up behaviourally mediated trophic cascades in plankton food webs

Diel feeding rhythms in marine microzooplankton: effects of prey concentration, prey condition, and grazer nutritional history

Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa

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