Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa

Hansson, Lars‐Anders; Bianco, Giuseppe; Ekvall, Mikael T.; Heuschele, Jan; Hylander, Samuel; Yang, Xiuhong

doi:10.1890/15-1014.1

Cited by 21 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Increasingly warm surface temperatures could favor harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms and transition lakes from less productive towards eutrophic [88,89]. Oxygen, lake temperature and water transparency also regulate predator-prey interactions through the vertical distribution and migration of phytoplankton and zooplankton and thereby modify the availability of refugia from predation (e.g., [90][91][92]). Further, a compressed or non-existent hypolimnion, due to a deeper thermocline and increasingly hypoxic conditions, will have costly energetic consequences for cooland cold-water fishes [93].…”

Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Richardson

Melles

Pilla

et al. 2017

Water

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Lake surface water temperatures are warming worldwide, raising concerns about the future integrity of valuable lake ecosystem services. In contrast to surface water temperatures, we know far less about what is happening to water temperature beneath the surface, where most organisms live. Moreover, we know little about which characteristics make lakes more or less sensitive to climate change and other environmental stressors. We examined changes in lake thermal structure for 231 lakes across northeastern North America (NENA), a region with an exceptionally high density of lakes. We determined how lake thermal structure has changed in recent decades and assessed which lake characteristics are related to changes in lake thermal structure. In general, NENA lakes had increasing near-surface temperatures and thermal stratification strength. On average, changes in deepwater temperatures for the 231 lakes were not significantly different than zero, but individually, half of the lakes experienced warming and half cooling deepwater temperature through time. More transparent lakes (Secchi transparency >5 m) tended to have higher near-surface warming and greater increases in strength of thermal stratification than less transparent lakes. Whole-lake warming was greatest in polymictic lakes, where frequent summer mixing distributed heat throughout the water column. Lakes often function as important sentinels of climate change, but lake characteristics within and across regions modify the magnitude of the signal with important implications for lake biology, ecology and chemistry.

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Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Richardson

Melles

Pilla

et al. 2017

Water

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“…We used a cumulative measure-the refuge demand-to assess the consistent behavioral differences in UVR avoidance between the individuals (Hansson et al 2016). It was left there to acclimatize for at least 20 min with the blue excitation light turned on.…”

Section: Behavioral Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependent individual behavioral consistency in Daphnia

et al. 2017

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The understanding of consistent individual differences in behavior, often termed "personality,"for adapting and coping with threats and novel environmental conditions has advanced considerably during the last decade. However, advancements are almost exclusively associated with higher-order animals, whereas studies focusing on smaller aquatic organisms are still rare. Here, we show individual differences in the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna, a clonal freshwater invertebrate, before, during, and after being exposed to a lethal threat, ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We show consistency in swimming velocity among both mothers and daughters of D. magna in a neutral environment, whereas this pattern breaks down when exposed to UVR. Our study also, for the first time, illustrates how the ontogenetic development in swimming and refuge-seeking behavior of young individuals eventually approaches that of adults. Overall, we show that aquatic invertebrates are far from being identical robots, but instead they show considerable individual differences in behavior that can be attributed to both ontogenetic development and individual consistency. Our study also demonstrates, for the first time, that behavioral consistency and repeatability, that is, something resembling "personality," is context and state dependent in this zooplankter taxa.

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“…Thus, zooplanktonic organisms seem to be able to disperse effectively at very high elevations, but their establishment success is dependent on their ability to cope with extreme environmental conditions. For example, some planktonic species have evolved to attenuate and overcome the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation either by producing photoprotective compounds and pigments or through avoidance behaviour (Hansson et al., ; Rautio & Tartarotti, ; Sommaruga, ). Oxygen availability is another key factor controlling invertebrate community structure at high elevations (Jacobsen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and spatial filters of zooplankton metacommunities in shallow pools in high‐elevation peatlands in the tropical Andes

et al. 2018

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Understanding metacommunity organisation in freshwater ecosystems is particularly important at high elevation in the tropical Andes, as this region is considered an important biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species threatened by climate change. High levels of dispersal at the regional scale and strong environmental filters at the local scale are thought to structure aquatic communities in these systems. However, metacommunity organisation patterns at the limit of aquatic life (>4,500 m a.s.l.) remain largely unknown. Given the extreme environmental conditions experienced by organisms at high elevation, environment filters would be expected to play a greater role than spatial filters in community assemblages. We assessed the effects of environmental and spatial filters on zooplankton (Cladocera), to gain insight into metacommunity organisation in the shallow high‐elevation pools of the tropical Andes. We sampled zooplankton communities and assessed nine environmental variables, for 200 pools from 20 peatlands in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia. We performed redundancy and variation partitioning analyses on both abundance and presence/absence data, to evaluate the contribution of environmental and spatial processes (geographic and elevation distances) to cladoceran metacommunity assembly at different spatial scales. We identified 18 cladoceran species, eight of which were endemic to the Andes. We found that both environment and spatial filters made a significant contribution to the structuring of cladoceran communities at higher spatial scales (i.e. intervalleys and within valleys), whereas only the environmental filter operated at small spatial scales (i.e. within peatlands). Elevation had a significant effect on cladoceran community variation (e.g. 6.9% within valleys, for abundance data), but not on species diversity. Similar patterns were obtained with presence/absence data. Macrophyte cover, pool area and pH were the most important variables explaining community variation and the species diversity of cladocerans at pool level. These results suggest that species sorting is probably the main process generating variation in cladoceran communities at all spatial scales. At larger spatial scales (intervalleys and within valleys), limited dispersal may also filter species composition. We identified factors significantly contributing to the variation observed, but their overall explanatory power was low. This finding highlights the difficulties involved in evaluating the response of aquatic organisms to their environment and suggests that other environmental variables should be considered. Moreover, frequent and unpredictable disturbances and high stochasticity probably operate simultaneously with environmental filters to structure zooplankton organisation in these unique and harsh aquatic systems.

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Instantaneous threat escape and differentiated refuge demand among zooplankton taxa

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Context‐dependent individual behavioral consistency in Daphnia

Environmental and spatial filters of zooplankton metacommunities in shallow pools in high‐elevation peatlands in the tropical Andes

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