Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate in bottled drinking waters sold in Iranian markets: A Monte Carlo simulation

Kamarehie, Bahram; Jafari, Ali; Zarei, Ahmad; Fakhri, Yadolah; Ghaderpoori, Mansour; Alinejad, Abdolazim

doi:10.1007/s00769-019-01397-5

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Oral intake is more important than others (Jiang et al 2021 ; Muhammad et al 2011 ). HRA is determined according to the risk level of contaminants and classified as noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks (Kamarehie et al 2019 ; Jafari et al 2021 ). The present research was conducted to estimate the HRA of PTEs for Shiraz’s children and adult populations through oral intake and ingestion of drinking water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

Mohammadpour

Emadi

Samaei

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The existence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water bodies has posed a menace to human health. Thus, water resources should be protected from PTEs, and their effect on the exposed population should be investigated. In the present investigation, the concentrations of PTEs such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and iron(Fe) in the drinking water of Shiraz, Iran, were determined for the first time. In addition, hazard quotient, hazard index, cancer risk, and sensitivity analysis were applied to estimate the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic impacts of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe on exposed children and adults through ingestion. The mean concentrations (µg/L) of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe were 0.36, 0.32, 2.28, and 8.72, respectively, in winter and 0.50, 0.20, 0.55, and 10.36, respectively, in summer. The results displayed that Fe concentration was more than the other PTEs. PTE concentrations were lower than the standard values of the Environment Protection Agency and World Health Organization. Values of the degree of contamination and heavy metal pollution index for lead, mercury, manganese, and iron were significantly low (< 1) and excellent (< 50), respectively. Based on the Spearman rank correlation analysis, positive and negative relationships were observed in the present study. The observations of the health risk assessment demonstrated that mercury, lead, iron, and manganese had an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic harmful health risk in exposed children and adults (hazard quotients < 1 and hazard index < 1). The carcinogenic risk of lead was low (< E − 06), which can be neglected. Monte Carlo simulation showed that water intake rate and mercury concentration were the most critical parameters in the hazard index for children and adults. Lead concentration was also the most crucial factor in the cancer risk analysis. The results of the present study proved that the drinking water of Shiraz is safe and healthy and can be confidently consumed by people.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…means that noncarcinogenic health effects can occur in the future. The greater value of HQ means enhancing the possibility of hazardous noncarcinogenic health effects (Kamarehie et al 2019;Soleimani et al 2022).…”

Section: Exposure and Health Risk Assessment Of Ptes In Drinking Wate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

Mohammadpour

Emadi

Samaei

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The estimated amount of cancer growth probability over the life of the general population (CR) in the face of any carcinogenic chemical (27), calculated using Eq. ( 5), is defined as the probability that a person will develop cancer due to exposure to a particular contaminant or a set of contaminants in the environment (28).…”

Section: Carcinogenic Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of heavy metals including Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in edible fishes Liza abu, Brachirus orientalis and attributed cancer and non-cancer risk assessment

Azadeh

Takdastan

Jaafarzadeh

et al. 2022

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Heavy metals are considered as pollutants polluting aquatic ecosystems because of their toxic effects and bioaccumulation in organisms. They can cause chronic poisoning when ingested by human. The present study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis fish in Mahshahr, and also, to estimate the risk of muscle consumption of these fish. Methods: Forty samples of both fish species were randomly selected and after preparation and extraction and digestion processes, the metals were measured using ICP-OES Agilent Model 5100. Results: The mean concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the muscle tissue of the Liza abu fish were 0.616 ± 0.383, 1.227 ± 1.77, 0.076 ± 0.030, and 0.567 ± 0.267 mg/kg dry weight, and in the muscle tissue of the Brachirus orientalis fish were 0.846 ± 0.659, 0.515 ± 1.245, 0.061 ± 0.047, and 0.586 ± 0.548 mg/ kg dry weight, respectively. HI for Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis was 0.025 and 0.336, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the concentrations of Hg and Cr in the muscle tissue of Liza abu and Brachirus orientalis were slightly higher than some global standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). HQ index was below 1 for two fish species, meaning that there was no non-carcinogenic risk. In all samples analyzed, carcinogenic risk Cr was slightly above the permissible limit of 1×10-4 to 1×10-6 ،other metals were in this range.

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“…Human contact to heavy metals via different pathways (dermal and ingestion) in river water, is of utmost importance because of the associated problematic health severity it portends and likely food chain impacts. Previous research works have emphasized the health risk and water quality impact of surface, ground, and portable water globally ( Cude, 2001 ; Song et al, 2012 ; Oboh & Agbala, 2017 ; Abbasnia et al, 2018a , 2018b ; Ayandirana, Fawolea & Dahunsi, 2018 ; Enuneku et al, 2018 ; Emenike et al, 2019 ; Soleimani et al, 2018 ; Kamarehie et al, 2019 ; RadFard et al, 2019 ). Heavy metals (HMs) exposure and possible health risk impacts have been analyzed in various water bodies in Nigeria ( Chinedu & Nwinyi, 2011 ; Kayode et al, 2011 ; Omole et al, 2015 ; Emenike et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic risk assessment and water quality index of a tropical delta river

Anani

Olomukoro

2021

PeerJ

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Water plays a major role in supporting the wellness and life processes in living things as well as in the ecological structure’s stabilities. However, several environmental scientists have recounted the alarming menace unfit water quality portends as well as the shortfalls of its global utilization in various spheres of life. This study aims to determine the fitness of the Ossiomo River and its likely health risk impact when consumed or used for other domestic purposes. The outcome of the physicochemical and heavy metal characterization showed that most of the parameters surpassed the slated benchmarks. Findings from the study revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) for water temperature, color, TDS, BOD5, HCO3, Na, Fe, Mn, and THC across the four stations respectively. Meanwhile, pH, salinity, turbidity, TSS, DO, Cl, P, NH4H, NO2, NO3, SO4, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and V showed no significant (p > 0.05) across the four stations respectively. The pH level of the water was slightly acidic at the range of 4.40–6.82. The outcome of the computed water quality index showed that station 1 (66.38) was poor for human ingestion which was above the set slated benchmarks of 26–50. However, stations 2–4 (163.79, 161.79, and 129.95) were unsuitable for drinking which was above the set slated benchmarks of 100. The outcome of the health risk evaluation revealed that the hazard quotients (HQs) were considered greater than 1 (>1) for Cr (2.55). The hazard index (0.46) via the dermal pathway was <1 while the ingestion (4.35) pathway was >1. The sum of the HQs (4.81) was also > 1. Thus, there are possible non-carcinogenic health risks via direct ingestion of the water. The outcome from the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, and Cd (6 × 10–3, 4.00 × 10–1, and 1.22 × 100), was somewhat greater than the target goal (1.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4) of carcinogenic risks stipulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, respectively, especially for Cd. There might be a potential carcinogenic risk if the water is consumed when the metal contents are higher than the target limits set. Sustainable farming and treatment of wastes from industrial outputs should be the main management of this watercourse.

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Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate in bottled drinking waters sold in Iranian markets: A Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 46 publications

References 56 publications

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples

Determination of heavy metals including Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in edible fishes Liza abu, Brachirus orientalis and attributed cancer and non-cancer risk assessment

Probabilistic risk assessment and water quality index of a tropical delta river

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