Probabilistic risk assessment and water quality index of a tropical delta river

Abstract

Water plays a major role in supporting the wellness and life processes in living things as well as in the ecological structure’s stabilities. However, several environmental scientists have recounted the alarming menace unfit water quality portends as well as the shortfalls of its global utilization in various spheres of life. This study aims to determine the fitness of the Ossiomo River and its likely health risk impact when consumed or used for other domestic purposes. The outcome of the physicochemical and heavy metal characterization showed that most of the parameters surpassed the slated benchmarks. Findings from the study revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) for water temperature, color, TDS, BOD5, HCO3, Na, Fe, Mn, and THC across the four stations respectively. Meanwhile, pH, salinity, turbidity, TSS, DO, Cl, P, NH4H, NO2, NO3, SO4, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and V showed no significant (p > 0.05) across the four stations respectively. The pH level of the water was slightly acidic at the range of 4.40–6.82. The outcome of the computed water quality index showed that station 1 (66.38) was poor for human ingestion which was above the set slated benchmarks of 26–50. However, stations 2–4 (163.79, 161.79, and 129.95) were unsuitable for drinking which was above the set slated benchmarks of 100. The outcome of the health risk evaluation revealed that the hazard quotients (HQs) were considered greater than 1 (>1) for Cr (2.55). The hazard index (0.46) via the dermal pathway was <1 while the ingestion (4.35) pathway was >1. The sum of the HQs (4.81) was also > 1. Thus, there are possible non-carcinogenic health risks via direct ingestion of the water. The outcome from the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, and Cd (6 × 10–3, 4.00 × 10–1, and 1.22 × 100), was somewhat greater than the target goal (1.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4) of carcinogenic risks stipulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, respectively, especially for Cd. There might be a potential carcinogenic risk if the water is consumed when the metal contents are higher than the target limits set. Sustainable farming and treatment of wastes from industrial outputs should be the main management of this watercourse.

Water Characteristics Assessment, Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Evaluation of Possible Ingestion of Toxic and Essential Metals in Chromidotilapia guntheri Sourced from Ada River, West Africa

“…The QA and QC diagnostic procedures of (Hashmi et al, 2013;Anani and Olomukoro, 2021) were used to quantify the water quality data sourced from the river in the laboratory. The water samples were analyzed in 3 (three) portions for every 2 standard blank and 2.5 mg/L samples using a SOLAAR 969AA Unicam series atomic absorption spectrophotometer.…”

Water quality evaluation using physicochemical and biological indices to characterize the integrity of the Orogodo River in sub-Saharan Africa

“…The modified biological monitoring working party (Paisley et al, 2014;Arslan et al, 2016), the average score per taxon (ASPT) National Biological Survey (Arslan et al, 2016), and the Lincoln quality index (LQI) as described by Krisanti et al (2017) were used to estimate the water quality with the aid of macroinvertebrates. The water quality index (WQI), proposed by Cude (2001) and modified by Anani and Olomukoro (2021), was used to characterize the integrity of the river water with the aid of physicochemical parameters. The water status by Ramakrishniah et al (2009) and Abbasnia et al (2018), as modified by Anani and Olomukoro (2021), was used to categorize the surface water integrity in this study.…”

“…The water quality index (WQI), proposed by Cude (2001) and modified by Anani and Olomukoro (2021), was used to characterize the integrity of the river water with the aid of physicochemical parameters. The water status by Ramakrishniah et al (2009) and Abbasnia et al (2018), as modified by Anani and Olomukoro (2021), was used to categorize the surface water integrity in this study.…”

“…Boiling the water before consumption is highly recommended to avoid possible human Freshwater ecosystems are an important hub in the cycling of nutrients and energy which are of ecological value to different food chain strata or trophic faunas depending on their basic need(s) and habits (Anani et al, 2020b;Liu et al, 2020;Keke et al, 2021b). They are also a basic source of ecosystem services and goods like food, nursery grounds for aquatic and terrestrial faunas, recreational activities, navigation, and domestic and water supply for humans (Berger et al, 2016;Nguyen et al, 2018;Anani and Olomukoro, 2021;Tampo et al, 2021).…”

Experimental and theoretical assessment of phenomena linked with separation and purification of biodiesel from Ricinus communis seed oil

“…The energy needs of mankind over the last century have largely been obtained from fossil sources resulting in the generation of harmful and hazardous gases such as hydrocarbons, oxides of lead, carbon, sulfur, and other metals during processing and use as fuels [ 1 , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ].…”