Non-aqueous high internal phase emulsion templates for synthesis of macroporous polymers in situ filled with cyclic carbonate electrolytes

Porous monoliths synthesized via polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene in nonaqueous deep-eutectic solvent-based HIPEs

“…Although the morphology of the materials is highly porous and interconnected, the relative large pore size results in a low surface area, which is typical for macroporous materials. 20,22,23,28,46,47 Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all poly(HIPEs) presented high thermal stability above 310 C (Fig. S2, Table S1 †).…”

“…Within the frame of green chemistry, ionic liquids [20][21][22][23] and supercritical uids [24][25][26][27] have been used as internal phase for poly(HIPE) synthesis. Ionic liquids are aimed to develop new nonaqueous routes for poly(HIPE) synthesis; besides, they can be reused, bringing sustainability to the processes.…”

Porous polymers and metallic nanoparticles: A hybrid wedding as a robust method toward efficient supported catalytic systems

“…In such polyHIPE-based scaffolds, the higher porosity level arises from drops of the discontinuous phase of the emulsion, while the lower one originates from the interconnections between adjacent pores. PolyHIPEs can be prepared from water-in-oil (w/o) [96], oil-in-water (o/w) [97] emulsions or from emulsified biphasic systems constituted by two immiscible liquids [98] in the presence of surfactants that help to the emulsion stabilization. Due to monomers and cross-linkers remaining in the external continuous phase, w/o emulsions are appropriate to yield hydrophobic polymers such as styrenic polyHIPEs [99] while o/w emulsions are suitable for the production of more hydrophilic polymers (Fig.…”

Deep-eutectic solvents as a support in the nonaqueous synthesis of macroporous poly(HIPEs)

“…Cameron and Sherrington 12 introduced the non-aqueous synthesis of poly(HIPEs) using N,N 0 -dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide as internal phases; while Hariri et al 13 devised polymerizable oil-in-oil HIPEs. Most recently, Shirshova and coworkers 14,15 have demonstrated the use of an ionic liquid as an internal phase for poly(HIPE) synthesis. Water-free synthesis expands on the available polymerization mechanisms otherwise impossible due to water sensitivity or evaporation.…”