Non-Antibiotics Strategies to Control Salmonella Infection in Poultry

Abstract

Salmonella spp. is a facultative intracellular pathogen causing localized or systemic infections, involving economic and public health significance, and remains the leading pathogen of food safety concern worldwide, with poultry being the primary transmission vector. Antibiotics have been the main strategy for Salmonella control for many years, which has allowed producers to improve the growth and health of food-producing animals. However, the utilization of antibiotics has been reconsidered since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can quickly increase within microbial communities. The use of alternatives to antibiotics has been recommended and successfully applied in many countries, leading to the core aim of this review, focused on (1) describing the importance of Salmonella infection in poultry and the effects associated with the use of antibiotics for disease control; (2) discussing the use of feeding-based (prebiotics, probiotics, bacterial subproducts, phytobiotics) and non-feeding-based (bacteriophages, in ovo injection, vaccines) strategies in poultry production for Salmonella control; and (3) exploring the use of complementary strategies, highlighting those based on -omics tools, to assess the effects of using the available antibiotic-free alternatives and their role in lowering dependency on the existing antimicrobial substances to manage bacterial infections in poultry effectively.

In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Phytobiotics Mixture on Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken Broiler

“…The previous trend of studies related to searching for possible antibiotic alternatives (also used as antibiotic growth promoters) in animal production, so far has mostly focused on single components or mixtures of 2 to 3 active substances [ 30 , 31 ]. There are also reports with promising results, in the Salmonella spp.…”

Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil

“…from the acquisition of the feedstock to the final food products [9]. Some antimicrobials have also been banned as additives and antibiotic-free (ABF) strategies have been implemented in the poultry production chains [225][226][227][228]. There are several alternatives to be used as growth promoters, such as medicinal plants, probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids [225].…”

Through the Looking Glass: Genome, Phenome, and Interactome of Salmonella enterica

“…Another application of interactome research for S. enterica is the development of novel cancer immunomodulatory therapeutics [ 93 ]. The problem of antibiotic resistance will always require experimental approaches to identify alternative methods of eliminating infection and modifying environments to make them safer [ 94 ]. In addition, database weighting is needed to accommodate emergent issues that might at first be represented as a rare variant [ 95 ].…”